Nokea
Enriched growth media:
- A. Belong to the minimal media and inhibit the development of gram+ cocci
- B. Support the development of the target bacteria groups without suppressing the growth of other microorganisms
- C. Are intended for the cultivation of only one microbial species
- D. Support the development of target bacteria groups and suppress the development of other microorganisms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because enriched growth media provide essential nutrients that support the growth of target bacteria groups without inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. This allows for the selective cultivation of specific microbes while still allowing for the growth of other organisms present in the sample. Choice A is incorrect because enriched media do not belong to minimal media and do not inhibit the development of gram+ cocci. Choice C is incorrect because enriched media can support the growth of multiple microbial species. Choice D is incorrect because enriched media do not suppress the development of other microorganisms but rather provide nutrients to support their growth alongside the target bacteria groups.
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Family Reoviridae does not include:
- A. Orthoreovirus type 3
- B. Orthomyxovirus type 1
- C. Orthoreovirus type 1
- D. Orthoreovirus type 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthomyxovirus type 1. Family Reoviridae includes Orthoreovirus types 1, 2, and 3. Orthomyxovirus belongs to a different family, Orthomyxoviridae. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Orthoreovirus types 1, 2, and 3 are part of the Reoviridae family. Choice A, C, and D are incorrect because they are all part of the Reoviridae family which includes Orthoreoviruses.
Which are the most suitable materials for isolation of polio viruses?
- A. feces, duodenal and bile content
- B. blood, sputum, and urine
- C. only feces
- D. feces, nasopharyngeal swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polio viruses are primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory secretions. Feces contain the highest concentration of the virus, while nasopharyngeal swabs and cerebrospinal fluid can also contain the virus. Blood, sputum, and urine do not typically contain high levels of polio virus. Choice A is incorrect as bile content is not a common site for polio virus isolation. Choice C is incorrect because only testing feces may not provide a comprehensive picture of the infection.
The term “zone of inhibition†is used in which of the following procedures?
- A. Use-dilution test
- B. Growth inhibition test
- C. Disk-diffusion test
- D. Multiple inhibition test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disk-diffusion test. In the disk-diffusion test, the zone of inhibition refers to the area around an antimicrobial disk where bacterial growth is inhibited. This test is used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics. The other choices, such as A: Use-dilution test, B: Growth inhibition test, and D: Multiple inhibition test, do not specifically involve measuring the zone of inhibition and are not commonly used methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility.
When examining a patient with a suspicion of food toxicoinfection, a doctor on duty has detected symptoms characteristic of botulism. The patient named the meals he had eaten the day before. What is the most probable cause of infection?
- A. Homemade canned meat
- B. Custard pastry from private bakery
- C. Sour cream from local dairy factory
- D. Strawberries from suburban vegetable garden
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Homemade canned meat. Botulism is often caused by consuming improperly canned or preserved foods, particularly meats. The spores of the Clostridium botulinum bacteria can grow in anaerobic conditions, such as those found in improperly canned foods, leading to the production of the botulinum toxin. The symptoms of botulism align with those characteristic of the patient's condition.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Custard pastry from private bakery - Unlikely to be the cause of botulism as this type of food is not typically associated with the growth of Clostridium botulinum.
C: Sour cream from local dairy factory - While dairy products can sometimes be sources of foodborne illness, botulism is not commonly associated with sour cream.
D: Strawberries from suburban vegetable garden - Botulism is not typically transmitted through fresh fruits or vegetables, making this an unlikely source of infection.
Which of the following proteins are encoded by herpesviruses and required for viral DNA replication?
- A. viral DNA polymerase
- B. ribonucleotide reductase
- C. neuraminidase
- D. thymidine kinase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: viral DNA polymerase. This enzyme is essential for replicating the viral DNA during the herpesvirus life cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA strands using the viral genomic template. Ribonucleotide reductase (B) is involved in nucleotide synthesis, but not directly in DNA replication. Neuraminidase (C) is an enzyme found in influenza viruses, not herpesviruses. Thymidine kinase (D) is an enzyme that phosphorylates thymidine, but its role is more related to nucleotide metabolism rather than viral DNA replication.