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Ethics applied to nursing can best be defined as:
- A. doing what is best for the client.
- B. making good decisions about care.
- C. care based on what should be done in keeping with the values of the client.
- D. rules for providing competent care that is based on scientific principles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethics applied to nursing can best be defined as care based on what should be done in keeping with the values of the client (Choice C). This answer emphasizes the importance of respecting the client's values and preferences in decision-making, which is a fundamental aspect of ethical nursing practice. It involves considering the client's beliefs, culture, and autonomy when providing care.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Doing what is best for the client (Choice A) is subjective and may not always align with the client's values.
B: Making good decisions about care (Choice B) is vague and does not specifically address the ethical considerations related to the client's values.
D: Rules for providing competent care based on scientific principles (Choice D) focus on clinical competence rather than the ethical dimension of nursing practice.
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A client arrives in active labor and exhibits toxemia with irregular fetal heart tones. The client is an immigrant and is uninsured. Which act would prevent the client from being transferred to another facility?
- A. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law
- B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- C. Patient Self-Determination Act
- D. The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law (EMTALA). This act prohibits hospitals from transferring patients in active labor or with an emergency condition based on insurance status or ability to pay. It ensures that all individuals, regardless of insurance or immigration status, receive necessary emergency medical treatment. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects patient privacy and does not address transfer of patients in active labor.
C: Patient Self-Determination Act focuses on patient autonomy in making healthcare decisions, not on preventing transfer based on insurance status.
D: The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act promotes patient safety and quality improvement but does not specifically address transfer of patients in active labor.
The crisis communication officer may first inform the public or health care facility of a disaster or an act of terrorism. This representative has the responsibility to:
- A. contain the facts to within the administration group.
- B. incite the public to quickly take cover and obtain emergency supplies.
- C. provide understandable and straightforward facts about the event within the facility and possibly to the news media.
- D. inform the public that no information can be released until it has been confirmed by state and federal agencies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the crisis communication officer's primary responsibility is to provide clear and factual information about the event within the facility and potentially to the news media. This helps to ensure transparency, maintain credibility, and prevent misinformation. Choice A is incorrect as containing facts within the administration group limits transparency. Choice B is incorrect as inciting panic is counterproductive. Choice D is incorrect as withholding information until confirmed by state and federal agencies may lead to unnecessary delays in communication.
A current trend is for students to be evaluated to determine whether they demonstrate competence in the actual client care environment or with a standardized patient. This process occurs in addition to or instead of traditional pencil-and-paper evaluations. This type of evaluation is referred to as:
- A. core practice competencies.
- B. continuing competence.
- C. distance learning.
- D. performance-based assessment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: performance-based assessment. This type of evaluation focuses on assessing students' ability to perform tasks and demonstrate competence in real-world scenarios, such as client care environments or with standardized patients. It is a more practical and hands-on approach compared to traditional pencil-and-paper evaluations. Core practice competencies (A) refer to essential skills and knowledge required for a specific profession. Continuing competence (B) involves ongoing professional development to maintain skills and knowledge. Distance learning (C) is a method of education that does not require physical presence in a traditional classroom setting. Performance-based assessment best aligns with the description provided in the question, making it the correct choice.
Which nurse best portrays nursing as a "knowledge worker"?
- A. Nurse in matched scrubs with lab coat, hair back, small stud earrings
- B. Nurse in mismatched scrubs, no lab coat, large hoop earrings
- C. Nurse in white uniform with apron with no jewelry/hair back
- D. Nurse with nose ring and eyebrow piercing with starched white uniform and cap
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse in matched scrubs with a lab coat and minimal jewelry portrays professionalism and adherence to safety standards. The lab coat signifies a commitment to infection control and respect for the clinical environment. The hair being pulled back ensures cleanliness and prevents hair from falling into a patient's wound. Small stud earrings are safe and do not pose a risk of injury to the nurse or patient.
Choice B is incorrect because mismatched scrubs and large hoop earrings may not reflect professionalism or attention to detail, which are crucial in nursing practice.
Choice C is incorrect as the nurse in a white uniform with apron and no jewelry may seem traditional but lacks the modern approach and attention to safety standards displayed by choice A.
Choice D is incorrect because the nurse with nose and eyebrow piercings, despite wearing a starched white uniform and cap, may not be perceived as a professional and may not adhere to conservative workplace standards.
A client asks the nurse, "Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security Act?" The nurse responds that Medicare:
- A. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital's based nursing care.
- B. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.
- C. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.
- D. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-stage renal disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Medicare is a federal health insurance program that primarily covers individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities. This answer aligns with the original intent and purpose of Medicare as established by the Social Security Act amendment.
Explanation:
1. Medicare was established to provide health insurance for specific groups, including individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities.
2. The program was not designed to lead to hospital closings or decrease nursing care, as stated in choice A.
3. Choice B is incorrect because Medicare does not specifically target younger adults or children with catastrophic illnesses.
4. Choice C is incorrect because while Medicare may cover preventive care for certain populations, its primary focus is on providing insurance for specific age groups and individuals with specific health conditions.