Human Growth and Development Exam Questions

Human Growth and Development Exam Questions Related

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Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

  • A. naturalistic
  • B. participant
  • C. systematic
  • D. structured
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through participant observation. This type of observation involves the researcher immersing themselves in the culture being studied, actively participating in the daily activities and interactions of the group being studied. Through participant observation, researchers can gain a deep and nuanced understanding of the culture from the inside. Choice A, naturalistic observation, typically refers to observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, but it does not involve actively participating in the culture. Choice C, systematic observation, focuses on carefully planned and structured data collection methods but may not involve direct participation. Choice D, structured observation, implies a predefined set of guidelines for observation but lacks the immersive aspect of participant observation.

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During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the __________, or primitive spinal cord.

  • A. mesoderm; neuron tract
  • B. neural tube
  • C. endoderm; neural tube
  • D. neuron tract
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the neural tube, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord. The neural tube is the precursor to the central nervous system, including the primitive spinal cord. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the mesoderm does not form the neural tube, the endoderm is not involved in the formation of the central nervous system, and neuron tract is not the structure that forms the primitive spinal cord.

Fetal monitoring is __________.

  • A. rarely used in U.S. hospitals
  • B. linked with low birth weight
  • C. linked with a decreased rate of cesarean deliveries
  • D. required in most U.S. hospitals
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fetal monitoring is required in most U.S. hospitals during labor and delivery to track the baby's heart rate and the mother's contractions. This helps healthcare providers to assess the well-being of the fetus and make timely decisions regarding the need for interventions if any complications arise. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because fetal monitoring is a standard procedure in most hospitals to ensure the safety and health of both the mother and the baby during labor.

What reflex protects an infant from strong stimulation?

  • A. Moro
  • B. eye-blink
  • C. sucking
  • D. palmar grasp
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: eye-blink. The eye-blink reflex is the one that protects an infant from strong stimulation by causing them to quickly shut their eyes in response to sudden bright light or a loud noise. This reflex helps to safeguard the infant's sensitive eyes from potential harm. The Moro reflex (choice A) is the startle reflex, the sucking reflex (choice C) helps with feeding, and the palmar grasp reflex (choice D) is when the infant's fingers close around an object placed in their hand; none of these reflexes specifically protect the infant from strong stimulation.

Dr. McBride wants to know if the teacher's use of encouragement in the classroom affects the children's self-esteem. To assign children to treatment conditions, Dr. McBride should __________.

  • A. carefully distribute the children according to their test scores
  • B. divide the children so each group has an equal number of boys and girls
  • C. draw the children's names out of a hat
  • D. assign the quieter children to the same treatment condition
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Drawing the children's names out of a hat is a way to randomly assign them to treatment conditions. Random assignment helps to ensure that any differences in self-esteem that may be observed in the study are not due to pre-existing characteristics of the children. This method helps to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the teacher's use of encouragement and the children's self-esteem. Choice A is incorrect because assigning children based on test scores may introduce bias into the study. Choice B is incorrect as balancing gender is not relevant to the research question. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a bias by selecting a specific group of children based on a characteristic unrelated to the study objective.

The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during which stage of labor?

  • A. first
  • B. second
  • C. third
  • D. fourth
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during the second stage of labor. This stage occurs after the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby. Choice A (first) is incorrect as the first stage is mainly characterized by the dilation of the cervix. Choice C (third) is incorrect as the third stage is the delivery of the placenta, and choice D (fourth) is incorrect as the fourth stage is the recovery period after childbirth.

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