Adult Medical Surgical ATI

Adult Medical Surgical ATI Related

Review Adult Medical Surgical ATI related questions and content

Exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by decreasing

  • A. The number of small blood vessels throughout the body
  • B. The heart rate and blood pressure
  • C. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood
  • D. The body’s breathing capacity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because exercise can improve circulation and cardiovascular fitness by reducing the heart rate and blood pressure. When we exercise, our heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to a lower resting heart rate and reduced blood pressure. This helps improve circulation and strengthens the cardiovascular system.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The number of small blood vessels throughout the body - Exercise actually promotes the growth of new blood vessels, improving circulation.
C: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood - Exercise can increase HDL levels, which is beneficial for heart health.
D: The body’s breathing capacity - Exercise can improve lung function and increase breathing capacity, but it is not directly related to circulation or cardiovascular fitness.

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To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to

  • A. avoid crowds and obtain an annual influenza vaccination.
  • B. drink at least 2 L of fluids daily, including 8 to 10 glasses of water.
  • C. eat a potassium-rich, low-sodium diet.
  • D. practice good dental hygiene and report gum swelling or bleeding.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gum hyperplasia, so good dental hygiene is essential.

Which action should the nurse take to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a client with an endotracheal tube receiving mechanical ventilation?

  • A. Position the head of the client's bed flat
  • B. Turn the client every 4 hours
  • C. Brush the client's teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours
  • D. Provide humidity by maintaining moisture within the ventilator tubing
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Brush the client's teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours. This is crucial in reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia as it helps prevent the buildup of bacteria in the oral cavity, which can be aspirated into the lungs. Brushing the teeth regularly maintains oral hygiene, decreasing the chances of infection.

A: Positioning the head of the client's bed flat can increase the risk of aspiration and pneumonia.
B: Turning the client every 4 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers but does not directly reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
D: Providing humidity within the ventilator tubing is important for preventing mucous plugs but does not directly address oral hygiene, which is key in preventing pneumonia.

A client is being treated for inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure. Which of the following medications should NOT be expected as a common treatment for anthrax?

  • A. Ciprofloxacin
  • B. Doxycycline
  • C. Amoxicillin
  • D. Penicillin G
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Penicillin G. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, which is susceptible to ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. Penicillin and amoxicillin are not recommended due to the potential for B. anthracis to produce beta-lactamase, which can make the bacteria resistant to penicillin-based medications. Penicillin G is not effective in treating anthrax and should not be expected as a common treatment option.

Patients with a paralytic ileus typically have

  • A. Intravenous fluid replacement and a nasogastric tube connected to suction.
  • B. Surgical correction of the problem.
  • C. Endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin or esophageal dilation.
  • D. Endoscopy to allow biopsy followed with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Paralytic ileus requires decompression of the gastrointestinal tract.

Yesterday, a male client had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Today, the client is concerned about the small amount of blood found in his urine. The nurse should explain to the client that the blood:

  • A. should not be there on the second day.
  • B. will stop when the Foley catheter is removed.
  • C. is normal and he should not be concerned.
  • D. can be removed by irrigating the bladder.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Some hematuria is usual for several days after surgery. The client should not be concerned, unless the amount increases. The client will continue to have a small amount of hematuria even after the Foley catheter is removed. Some hematuria is usual for several days after surgery. The client should not be concerned, unless the amount increases. Irrigating the bladder will not remove the hematuria. Irrigation is performed to remove blood clots and to facilitate urinary drainage.

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