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Expectant parents of twins tell the nurse they are having fraternal twins and are asking the nurse what that means. Which reply of the nurse is correct?
- A. Your twins will both be boys.
- B. Your twins are called monozygotic.
- C. You have one placenta and one of each of the fetal membranes called the chorion and amnion.
- D. Your twins will be as alike as any two siblings.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fraternal twins are dizygotic, meaning they are as genetically similar as any other siblings.
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What occurs in the intervillous space in the developing placenta?
- A. None
- B. Oxygen and nutrients perfuse across the chorion villi to enter fetal circulation.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is the primary function of the intervillous space.
A key finding from the Human Genome Project is:
- A. Approximately 20,500 genes make up the genome.
- B. All human beings are 80.99% identical at the DNA level.
- C. Human genes produce only one protein per gene; other mammals produce three proteins per gene.
- D. Single gene testing will become a standardized test for all pregnant patients in the future.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Approximately 20,500 genes make up the human genome.
During pregnancy, which structure secretes hormones until the placenta takes over?
- A. Decidua basalis
- B. Chorionic villi
- C. Corpus luteum
- D. Syncytiotrophoblast
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The corpus luteum produces hormones until the placenta takes over.
The nurse is planning a prenatal class on fetal development. Which characteristics of prenatal development should the nurse include for a fetus of 24 weeks, based on fertilization age? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ear cartilage firm
- B. Skin wrinkled and red
- C. Testes descending toward the inguinal rings
- D. Surfactant production nears mature levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Ear cartilage firm: By 24 weeks, the fetus's ear cartilage has developed and become firm, allowing the ears to be more defined in shape.
What patient statement indicates the need for further education about amniocentesis?
- A. “It can be used to test for neural tube defects.”
- B. “It is performed between 15 and 20 weeks’ gestation.”
- C. “It is performed using a sterile needle to withdraw a sample of amniotic fluid.”
- D. “The sample can be obtained using a transcervical approach.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amniocentesis is performed transabdominally, not transcervically, to obtain amniotic fluid.