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Explain the difference between a Salem sump tube and a Levine tube.
- A. Salem sump tube has a double lumen for suction and venting; Levine tube is single-lumen for feeding.
- B. Salem sump tube is used for feeding; Levine tube is for decompression.
- C. Both tubes are identical in function.
- D. Salem sump tube is inserted orally; Levine tube is inserted nasally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Salem sump tube has a double lumen, one for suction and one for venting to prevent adhesion to the stomach wall, while the Levine tube is a single-lumen tube typically used for feeding.
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Which of the following actions should be performed prior to beginning an intermittent tube feeding?
- A. Raise the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees.
- B. Keep the formula refrigerated until the exact time to instill.
- C. Verify tube placement.
- D. Assess residual gastric volume.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees prevents aspiration, verifying tube placement ensures the tube is correctly positioned, and assessing residual gastric volume checks for undigested formula to avoid overfeeding.
What are some common reasons that the health-care provider would order gastric decompression?
- A. Partial bowel obstruction
- B. Persistent vomiting
- C. Kidney disease
- D. Complete bowel obstruction
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Gastric decompression is ordered for conditions like partial or complete bowel obstruction and persistent vomiting to relieve pressure and prevent complications, but not for kidney disease.
How often during continuous tube feedings should tube placement and residual gastric volume be assessed?
- A. Each time the bag is refilled with formula
- B. Once per shift
- C. Every 4 hours
- D. Every 2 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing tube placement and residual gastric volume every 4 hours ensures the tube remains correctly positioned and monitors for overfeeding or complications.
A patient vomits a large amount of emesis that looks like coffee grounds. This indicates that
- A. Bleeding is occurring in the stomach at this time.
- B. Bleeding is occurring in the esophagus at this time.
- C. Bleeding from the esophagus or stomach has occurred and mixed with stomach acid.
- D. The patient is vomiting bile from the duodenum because the stomach is empty.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coffee-ground emesis indicates blood that has been partially digested by stomach acid, suggesting bleeding in the esophagus or stomach.
What does it mean to decompress the stomach?
- A. Remove air or fluid from the stomach to relieve pressure.
- B. Increase stomach acid production.
- C. Administer medication to reduce stomach motility.
- D. Insert a tube to deliver nutrients directly to the stomach.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decompressing the stomach involves removing air or fluid, typically via an NG tube, to relieve pressure and prevent complications.