Nokea
Exposure to which illness should be a cause to discontinue therapy and substitute dipyridamole (Persantine) in a child receiving aspirin therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD)?
- A. Chickenpox or influenza
- B. E. coli or staphylococcus
- C. Mumps or streptococcus A
- D. Streptococcus A or staphylococcus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both chickenpox and influenza are viral; during these illnesses, aspirin (a salicylate) is typically discontinued due to the risk of Reye syndrome.
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The following are transmitted as autosomal dominant traits:
- A. Congenital spherocytosis
- B. Vitamin D-resistant rickets
- C. CAH
- D. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant disorder. Congenital spherocytosis and Vitamin D-resistant rickets can also be autosomal dominant, but CAH (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) is typically autosomal recessive.
Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.
In neonates with anomalous total pulmonary venous return and obstruction, the chest x-ray demonstrates
- A. heart enlarged
- B. prominent pulmonary artery
- C. prominent right ventricle
- D. prominent subaortic stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prominent subaortic stenosis is not typically seen in TAPVR.
In congenital hypertophic pulmonary stenosis
- A. Metabolic alkalosis occurs
- B. In some cases can be treated with non surgical methods
- C. During surgery tumor is removed
- D. Is a caus of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some cases of congenital hypertrophic pulmonary stenosis can be managed with non-surgical techniques like balloon valvuloplasty.
Sinus bradycardia in neonates is considered if sinus rate is
- A. <100 beats/min
- B. <90 beats/min
- C. <80 beats/min
- D. <70 beats/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sinus bradycardia in neonates is typically defined as a heart rate <100 beats/min.