Nokea
Extraneural metastasis from primary brain tumors is MOST commonly likely to occur in which tumor?
- A. medulloblastoma
- B. primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
- C. ependymoma
- D. malignant glioma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medulloblastoma is notorious for extraneural spread, particularly to bones and bone marrow.
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Mr. Chua has developed liver cirrhosis. Nurse Bea expects alteration in which laboratory values?
- A. carbon dioxide level
- B. prothrombin time
- C. gastric pH
- D. white blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Liver cirrhosis affects the liver's ability to produce proteins that are important for blood clotting, including prothrombin. Therefore, in a patient with liver cirrhosis, Nurse Bea would expect an alteration in the prothrombin time, which measures the time it takes for the blood to clot. A prolonged prothrombin time indicates impaired blood clotting function, which is commonly seen in patients with liver disease such as cirrhosis. It is an important laboratory value to monitor in patients with liver cirrhosis to assess their risk of bleeding complications.
A client with HIV has been prescribed anti viral medications. What instructions related to administration of medications should the nurse give such a client?
- A. Comply with the timing of antiviral medication around meals
- B. Avoid exposure to harsh sunlight for about 2hrs after taking the medication
- C. Have the medications with plenty of fruit juice
- D. Have an increased dose of the medications if the symptoms worsen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to comply with the timing of antiviral medication around meals. Taking some antiviral medications with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Certain medications may be more effective when taken with food, while others may need to be taken on an empty stomach. It is essential for the client to follow the specific instructions given by their healthcare provider to ensure the optimal effectiveness of the antiviral medications.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease that results in the body's inability to correctly metabolize:
- A. glucose.
- B. phenylalanine.
- C. phenylketones.
- D. thyroxine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU lack an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which results in the buildup of phenylalanine in the body. If untreated, high levels of phenylalanine can lead to intellectual disabilities, seizures, and other serious health problems. Therefore, individuals with PKU need to follow a special diet low in phenylalanine to prevent these complications.
The nurse is caring for a newborn receiving an exchange transfusion for hemolytic disease. Assessment of the newborn reveals slight respiratory distress and tachycardia. Which should the nurse's first action be?
- A. Notify practitioner.
- B. Stop the transfusion.
- C. Administer calcium gluconate.
- D. Monitor vital signs electronically.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slight respiratory distress and tachycardia in a newborn during an exchange transfusion may indicate a possible transfusion reaction or overload. The first action the nurse should take is to stop the transfusion to prevent any further complications and assess the newborn's condition. After stopping the transfusion, the nurse can then take appropriate steps such as notifying the practitioner, administering medications, or providing supportive care as needed.
Parents have a concern that their child is depressed. The nurse relates that which characteristic best describes children with depression?
- A. Increased range of affective response
- B. Preoccupation with need to perform well in school
- C. Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain
- D. Tendency to prefer play instead of schoolwork
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain, is a common characteristic seen in children with depression. Some children may experience a significant decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss, while others may have an increased appetite, resulting in weight gain. This change in eating habits is often a noticeable sign that may indicate the presence of depression in children. It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of any significant changes in a child's eating patterns and behavior, as it could be a potential indicator of underlying mental health issues such as depression.