Nokea
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close is a common developmental defect. Which of the following would likely be present in a 12-month-old infant with patent ductus arteriosus?
- A. Below-normal arterial PO2
- B. Below-normal arterial PCO2
- C. Greater than normal arterial blood pressure
- D. Lower than normal pulmonary arterial pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Below-normal arterial PO2. In a 12-month-old infant with patent ductus arteriosus, there would likely be a left-to-right shunt causing increased blood flow to the lungs, leading to decreased systemic blood flow. This can result in decreased systemic oxygenation and below-normal arterial PO2 levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because patent ductus arteriosus does not directly affect arterial PCO2, arterial blood pressure, or pulmonary arterial pressure in a way that would lead to those specific outcomes at this age.
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Choose the correct sequence of events in the post-fertilization cleavage process.
- A. Zygote - morula- 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- blastula
- B. 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- zygote- morula- blastul
- C. Zygote- 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- morula- blastul
- D. 8 cells-4 cells-2 cells-morula-zygote-blastula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct sequence is A: Zygote - morula - 2 cells - 4 cells - 8 cells - blastula. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage to form the morula, which then divides into 2 cells, then 4 cells, and further into 8 cells. These cells then rearrange to form the blastula. This sequence aligns with the natural progression of post-fertilization cleavage in embryonic development.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct chronological order of events in post-fertilization cleavage. In these sequences, the order of cell divisions is mixed up, leading to an inaccurate representation of the cleavage process. It is crucial to understand the logical progression of events in embryonic development to identify the correct sequence of post-fertilization cleavage.
The uterus is located:
- A. in the pelvic cavity;
- B. posterior to the urinary bladder;
- C. anterior to rectum;
- D. above the vagina;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: in the pelvic cavity. The uterus is a female reproductive organ situated in the pelvic cavity. It is where the fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy. The uterus is located between the bladder (anteriorly) and the rectum (posteriorly). Therefore, it is not posterior to the urinary bladder (B), anterior to the rectum (C), or above the vagina (D). The correct placement of the uterus in the pelvic cavity ensures proper support and function for reproduction.
Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the vaginal orifice is called as:
- A. Clitoris
- B. Labia
- C. Hymen
- D. Vulva
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hymen. The hymen is a mucous membrane that partially or completely covers the vaginal orifice. It is a thin tissue located at the opening of the vagina. The hymen can vary in appearance and may partially cover the vaginal opening, making it an essential anatomical structure to consider. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Clitoris - The clitoris is a highly sensitive sexual organ located above the vaginal opening, not covering it.
B: Labia - The labia are the folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, not covering it entirely.
D: Vulva - The vulva refers to the external female genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening, but it does not specifically refer to the mucous membrane covering the vaginal orifice.
The process in which sperm are hormone (FSH) have on males? streamlined into a head, midpiece,
- A. Male testes are not and tail is called ________.
- B. spermatogenesis
- C. FSH functions solely in
- D. acrosomal reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced in the male testes. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) plays a crucial role in stimulating the production of sperm within the testes. During spermatogenesis, sperm cells go through various stages of development, including the formation of a head, midpiece, and tail. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Male testes are not and tail is called ________. This statement is incomplete and does not make sense in the context of the question.
C: FSH functions solely in. This choice is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information about the process of sperm production.
D: Acrosomal reaction. This term refers to a specific event that occurs during fertilization and is not directly related to the overall process of sperm production in the testes.
A zygote is
- A. the same as an ovum
- B. another name for secondary oocyte
- C. a diploid fertilized ovum
- D. the same as polar body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: a diploid fertilized ovum. A zygote is formed when a sperm fertilizes an ovum, resulting in a diploid cell with a complete set of chromosomes. This marks the beginning of a new individual.
A) Incorrect: An ovum is a haploid cell produced by the female reproductive system.
B) Incorrect: A secondary oocyte is a haploid cell that has undergone meiosis II but has not been fertilized yet.
D) Incorrect: A polar body is a haploid cell that is produced during oogenesis and eventually disintegrates.