Nokea
Features of severe haemophilia A include:
- A. Retroperitoneal bleed
- B. Chronic arthropathy
- C. Prolonged bleeding time
- D. Increased APTT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a characteristic feature of haemophilia A due to the deficiency of clotting factor VIII.
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Azathioprine:
- A. Is a prodrug
- B. Is teratogenic
- C. Should be avoided in liver disease
- D. Dose should be increased when given with allopurinol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Azathioprine is a prodrug. It is not highly teratogenic, can be used in liver disease with caution, and its dose should be reduced with allopurinol.
An 8-year-old female presents with chest pain of 1 day's duration. Five days prior to the pain, she had fever, chills, and myalgias. Physical examination reveals an uncomfortable, anxious, afebrile patient with tachycardia, no murmur, and distant heart sounds. The chest x-ray is shown in Figure 19-2. There is a paradoxical pulse of 22 mm Hg. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. myocarditis
- B. cardiomyopathy
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pericarditis causes distant heart sounds, paradoxical pulse, and can follow viral illnesses.
Cerebral salt wasting indicates all, except
- A. Low serum sodium
- B. High intravascular volume
- C. High urine output
- D. Low vasopressin level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cerebral salt wasting is characterized by low serum sodium, high urine output, and low vasopressin levels, but it is associated with hypovolemia, not high intravascular volume.
Congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with:
- A. Microcephaly
- B. Chorioretinitis
- C. Sore throat
- D. Sacroileitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chorioretinitis is a common manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis, often leading to vision problems and ocular abnormalities.
Complications of an infant of a diabetic mother include:
- A. Hypoglycaemia
- B. Hypocalcaemia
- C. Hyperinsulinaemia
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycemia due to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, which persists after birth.