Nokea
Features that would increase suspicion of cerebral palsy at age 9 months include:
- A. Presence of Moro reflex
- B. Abductor spasm
- C. Hand dominance
- D. Grasp reflex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand dominance at 9 months is a red flag for cerebral palsy. The persistence of primitive reflexes like the Moro and grasp reflexes can also be indicative.
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Patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis include those with all of the following EXCEPT
- A. repaired simple atrial septic defect
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. rheumatic fever heart disease
- D. palliative vascular shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repaired simple atrial septal defects are not considered a risk for bacterial endocarditis unless there are residual defects.
Croup:
- A. Is a disease
- B. Is commonly caused by parainfluenza viruses
- C. Most cases are managed with nebulised adrenaline
- D. Inhaled steroids are reported to be of benefit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Croup is most commonly caused by parainfluenza viruses, which lead to inflammation of the larynx and trachea.
Liver failure in children:
- A. Is always chronic in nature
- B. Wilson's disease is a common cause
- C. Leads to failure to thrive
- D. One of the causes is Reye syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reye syndrome is a known cause of acute liver failure in children, often associated with viral infections and aspirin use.
The MOST common cause of syncope in children is
- A. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- B. prolonged QT syndrome
- C. atrioventricular block
- D. neurocardiogenic syncope
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common cause of syncope in children due to autonomic dysfunction.
A 4-year-old child presents to the clinic with a history of persistent dry cough and wheezing. What is the nurse’s primary concern?
- A. Allergic reaction
- B. Asthma exacerbation
- C. Respiratory infection
- D. Acute bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wheezing and persistent dry cough are hallmark symptoms of asthma exacerbation, which is the nurse's primary concern.