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Fentanyl 30mcg IV is ordered. The vial contains 0.05mg/ml. How many ml should the nurse administer?
- A. 0.3 ml
- B. 3 ml
- C. 0.06 ml
- D. 0.6 ml
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate the amount of Fentanyl to administer, first convert 30mcg to mg by dividing by 1000 (30mcg = 0.03mg). Then, divide the dose by the concentration of the vial (0.03mg ÷ 0.05mg/ml = 0.6ml). The correct answer is D (0.6ml). Choice A (0.3ml) is incorrect because it doesn't account for the correct dosage calculation. Choice B (3ml) is incorrect as it is too high, leading to potential overdose. Choice C (0.06ml) is incorrect as it miscalculates the dosage based on the vial concentration.
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An 18-month-old patient with Down's Syndrome has a history of mild pulmonary hypertension which requires a daily dose of Furosemide (Lasix). The mother is questioning if the new dose is correct after an adjustment at the child's last Cardiology visit. The child weighs 22 pounds and the dosing for furosemide (Lasix) for this child 2mg/kg/dose. What is the appropriate dose of Furosemide Lasix for this child?
- A. 44 mg/dose
- B. 28 mg/dose
- C. 20 mg/dose
- D. 10 mg/dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct dose of Furosemide (Lasix) for this child is 20 mg/dose. To calculate the appropriate dose, we first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms (22 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg). Then, we multiply the weight by the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg (10 kg x 2 mg/kg = 20 mg/dose). This calculation ensures proper dosing based on the child's weight. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct dosage calculation based on the child's weight.
Which actions by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever?
- A. Encourage routine cholesterol screenings
- B. Conduct routine blood pressure screenings
- C. Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures
- D. Recommend aspirin instead of acetaminophen for minor discomforts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. This is important in preventing rheumatic fever as it helps identify and treat streptococcal infections promptly, which can lead to rheumatic fever if left untreated. Encouraging routine cholesterol screenings (A) and conducting routine blood pressure screenings (B) are not directly related to preventing rheumatic fever. Recommending aspirin instead of acetaminophen (D) can actually be harmful in children with viral infections, increasing the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Ringworm, frequently found in school children, is caused by which of the following?
- A. Virus
- B. Fungus
- C. Allergic reaction
- D. Bacterial infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ringworm is caused by a fungus, specifically dermatophytes that infect the skin, hair, or nails. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, making schools a common place for transmission. Viruses, allergic reactions, and bacterial infections do not cause ringworm. Ringworm is a fungal infection, not a result of an allergic reaction or bacterial infection.
When instructing the parents of a toddler with iron deficiency anemia about the importance of increasing iron in the toddler's diet, which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to include in the toddler's diet?
- A. Pasta
- B. Vitamin D milk
- C. Dried fruits
- D. Green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dried fruits. Dried fruits are a good source of iron, which is essential for treating iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. They provide a concentrated amount of iron in a small serving size, making them convenient for toddlers. Pasta (A) does not contain significant amounts of iron. Vitamin D milk (B) is important for bone health but does not provide a substantial amount of iron. Green leafy vegetables (D) are a good source of iron, but they may be harder for toddlers to eat compared to dried fruits.
The nurse is caring for a preschool age child who just received chemotherapy. The child's mother asks the nurse when it is safe for the child to attend his cousin's birthday party. Which is the correct response:
- A. The best time to attend the party is 7 to 10 days from now.
- B. Any time is a good time, especially if it makes him happy.
- C. About three weeks from today would be the safest time for him to attend a party.
- D. He may need to wait until he's completely finished with chemotherapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: About three weeks from today would be the safest time for him to attend a party. This answer is correct because chemotherapy can weaken the child's immune system, making him more susceptible to infections. Attending a party with a large number of people increases the risk of exposure to germs. Waiting for about three weeks allows the child's immune system to recover to a safer level before being exposed to a potentially infectious environment.
Choice A is incorrect because 7 to 10 days may not provide enough time for the child's immune system to recover adequately. Choice B is incorrect as it disregards the child's health and safety by prioritizing immediate happiness over well-being. Choice D is incorrect as it may be too restrictive; attending a party may be possible before completing chemotherapy if the child's immune system has recovered sufficiently.