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Fetal circulation includes 3 shunts. Match each shunt to its physiologic action. Foramen ovale
- A. Connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta, bypassing the lungs.
- B. Connects the right and left atria.
- C. Connects the right and left ventricles.
- D. Allows the umbilical vein to bypass the liver to flow into the inferior vena cava.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Foramen ovale connects the right and left atria.
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The prenatal nurse is discussing the functions of the placenta with a pregnant person at 6 weeks’ gestation. What statement by the pregnant person indicates to the nurse the patient understands the information?
- A. The placenta filters hormones to support the pregnancy.
- B. The placenta is responsible for fetal waste disposal.
- C. The placenta prevents all viruses from harming the fetus.
- D. The placenta regulates glucose levels in the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The placenta facilitates waste disposal and oxygen transfer. It does not filter all viruses or regulate fetal glucose.
An infertile couple learns that the female is unable to produce viable eggs. The male partner suggests the use of a surrogate as a means of having a child. The female states, 'I don’t want your baby with another woman!' The nurse is aware of which psychosocial issue with this couple?
- A. The male blames the female for the infertility
- B. The female is jealous of the surrogate’s fertility
- C. The male needs to have a child with his genes
- D. The female is experiencing self-esteem issues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The female is experiencing self-esteem issues due to infertility and the suggestion of a surrogate. The other choices either misinterpret the scenario or are less likely explanations for her reaction.
What are the number and type of chromosomes in a normal mature gamete?
- A. 22 autosomes
- B. 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome
- C. 46 chromosomes
- D. 23 autosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes have 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome, resulting in 23 chromosomes in total.
The nurse is providing care to a pregnant person at 34 weeks’ gestation who is experiencing heartburn. The pregnant person asks why they are experiencing heartburn so often. What is the appropriate nurse’s response to the pregnant person’s question?
- A. Heartburn is common during pregnancy because of the increase in food cravings.
- B. Heartburn increases during pregnancy because of the increase in salivation.
- C. Heartburn occurs because the cardiac sphincter relaxes, allowing stomach acid to come up into the esophagus.
- D. The increase in a pregnant person’s metabolism causes an increase in stomach acid and heartburn.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heartburn occurs because the cardiac sphincter relaxes, allowing acid reflux. Other options are incorrect causes.
Choose appropriate client teaching related to maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) analysis.
- A. Abnormal MSAFP levels should be followed by more specific tests.
- B. High MSAFP levels are usually associated with chromosome abnormalities.
- C. Having MSAFP testing eliminates the need to perform an ultrasound examination.
- D. The initial MSAFP testing will be performed at 12 weeks of gestation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abnormal MSAFP levels require further investigation with more specific tests.