Nokea
Find the lowest coefficients that will balance the following combustion equation: __C H + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O
- A. 1:5:5:2
- B. 4:10:20:8
- C. 2:9:10:4
- D. 2:5:10:4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To balance the combustion equation CxHy + O2 → xCO2 + y/2 H2O, we need to balance the carbon and hydrogen atoms. The balanced equation for the given combustion is: 2C H4 + 9O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O. This means that the correct coefficients are 2:9:10:4, which corresponds to choice C. Choice A (1:5:5:2) does not balance the equation correctly, choice B (4:10:20:8) has excessive oxygen and does not balance the equation, and choice D (2:5:10:4) does not provide the correct ratio of oxygen to balance the equation.
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Which of the following is not a component of blood?
- A. Red blood cells
- B. White blood cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cartilage. Cartilage is not a component of blood. Blood primarily consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are part of the immune system, and platelets are essential for blood clotting. Cartilage, on the other hand, is a type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints and nose, but it is not present in the blood. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of blood, while choice D, Cartilage, is the correct answer as it is not a component of blood.
Which of the following is the cardiac muscle layer that forms the bulk of the heart?
- A. Endocardium
- B. Epicardium
- C. Fibrous skeleton
- D. Myocardium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Myocardium. The myocardium is the cardiac muscle layer that comprises the majority of the heart's muscle mass. It is responsible for the heart's contractions, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart lining the chambers, while the epicardium is the outermost layer covering the heart. The fibrous skeleton provides structural support and serves as an attachment point for cardiac muscle fibers. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the primary muscle layer of the heart.
Where does mRNA translation typically occur?
- A. On the ribosome
- B. In the nucleus
- C. In the cytoplasm
- D. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: mRNA translation typically occurs on the ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain during translation. The correct answer is A. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The nucleus is where mRNA is transcribed from DNA, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein processing and transport but not in mRNA translation.
Which organ's primary role is the production of bile and other metabolic functions such as blood sugar regulation and detoxification?
- A. Gallbladder
- B. Pancreas
- C. Liver
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver is responsible for producing bile, regulating blood sugar levels, and detoxifying the blood. Bile produced by the liver is stored in the gallbladder. The pancreas primarily functions in digestion by producing enzymes and insulin, while the stomach is mainly involved in breaking down food through the secretion of gastric juices.
Which of the following correctly matches a category of protein with a physiological example?
- A. Keratin is a structural protein
- B. Antigens are hormonal proteins
- C. Channel proteins are marker proteins
- D. Actin is a transport protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Keratin is indeed a type of structural protein found in the skin, hair, and nails of animals. It provides strength and protection, helping to maintain the overall structure of these tissues. The other choices are incorrect as antigens are not hormonal proteins but rather are involved in immune response, channel proteins are involved in facilitating the transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, and actin is primarily involved in cell structure and movement, not as a transport protein.