Nokea
First and foremost, element of PHC is
- A. Immunization
- B. FP/MCH
- C. Health education
- D. Provision of safe drinking water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health education is considered the cornerstone and first element of Primary Health Care (PHC).
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In general, before you create a graph to display data, you should put the data into a table.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organizing data into tables helps prepare it for graphical representation.
A random-digit dialed survey conducted in the City of Long Beach, California, reported that a greater proportion of nonsmokers endorsed a ban on smoking in alcohol-serving establishments than did smokers. What type of study design was this?
- A. Cross-sectional study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Ecologic study
- D. Cohort study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is a cross-sectional study as it captures attitudes at one point in time without follow-up.
How would the clinical and epidemiologic descriptions of a disease differ, and how would they be similar?
- A. Clinical focuses on individual cases; epidemiologic focuses on populations.
- B. Clinical uses laboratory tests; epidemiologic uses surveys.
- C. Clinical focuses on treatment; epidemiologic focuses on prevention.
- D. Both focus on identifying disease causes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clinical descriptions emphasize individual diagnosis and treatment, while epidemiologic descriptions analyze patterns and causes in populations.
John Snow located source of
- A. cholera
- B. typhoid
- C. plague
- D. All
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: John Snow is famous for identifying the source of a cholera outbreak in London.
For collection of hazardous waste, color of bin is
- A. black
- B. yellow
- C. red
- D. green
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow bins are used for the collection of hazardous waste, as per waste management guidelines.