Nokea
First dose phenomenon is a characteristic side effect on initiation of antihypertensive therapy with
- A. Minoxidil
- B. Clonidine
- C. Metroprolol
- D. Prazosin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clonidine can cause sedation or hypotension after the first dose.
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Nicotinic receptors are seen in
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Visceral smooth muscle
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. Salivary glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotinic receptors are primarily at skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions.
T½ of a drug can determine all the following
- A. Closing interval
- B. Elimination time
- C. Steady Plasma Concentration
- D. Therapeutic dosage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Half-life (t½) informs dosing intervals to maintain therapeutic levels.
A provider may consider testing for CYP2D6 variants prior to starting tamoxifen for breast cancer to:
- A. Ensure the patient will not have increased adverse effects from the tamoxifen
- B. Identify if the patient is a poor metabolizer, potentially reducing conversion to active metabolites
- C. Evaluate risk of drug interactions with tamoxifen
- D. Determine if the patient requires a higher dose due to ultra-rapid metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CYP2D6 testing identifies poor metabolizers who may not convert tamoxifen to its active form (endoxifen), impacting efficacy, not just ADRs or interactions .
The nurse is teaching a group in the community about drug abuse. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. Cue-induced cravings eventually disappear after long periods of abstinence by the person addicted to drugs
- B. Drug abuse and drug addiction are synonymous terms, describing dependence on drugs
- C. Drug addiction is characterized by emotional, mental, and sometimes physical dependence
- D. Drug addiction occurs when physical dependence is present
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addiction involves emotional/mental dependence, with physical optional; cravings persist, and abuse differs from addiction. Drug addiction occurs when emotional and mental dependence on a drug are present.
Select a drug used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism that may cause hyperkalemia:
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Mannitol
- C. Torsemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, causes potassium retention.