Nokea
Flushing occurs when alcohol is taken along with
- A. Phenformin
- B. Chlorpropamide
- C. Glibenclamide
- D. Tolbutamide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlorpropamide causes a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, leading to flushing.
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Josie is a 5-year-old patient who presents to the clinic with a 48-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and some diarrhea. She is unable to keep fluids down and her weight is 4 pounds less than her last recorded weight. Besides IV fluids, her exam warrants the use of an antinausea medication. Which of the following would be the appropriate drug to order for Josie?
- A. Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
- B. Meclizine (Antivert)
- C. Promethazine (Phenergan)
- D. Ondansetron (Zofran)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ondansetron is preferred in kids for nausea/vomiting, with fewer side effects than prochlorperazine or promethazine ; meclizine is for motion sickness.
A newly developed medication for pulmonary hypertension targets blood vessels in the lungs, but does not affect blood vessels in the liver. Which of the following is most likely true of this medication?
- A. It is a ligand that is specific for lung and liver blood-vessel receptors. but which is metabolized rapidly in the liver
- B. It is a ligand that is specific for blood-vessel receptors in the lung but not in the liver
- C. It is a receptor that is upregulated when oxygen tension in the lungs is low
- D. It is a receptor that is only expressed on blood vessels in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medication's specificity for lung blood vessels suggests it targets receptors unique to that tissue, not the liver.
The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
- B. The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
- C. The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
- D. Age-related decrease in renal function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related renal decline slows drug clearance, raising ADR risk in the elderly, unlike muscle mass , studies , or BBB .
In post menopausal women who are receiving estrogen replacement therapy, medroxyprogesterone is administered concurrently to reduce the risk of:
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Endometrial cancer
- C. Hypertension
- D. Osteoporosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Progestins like medroxyprogesterone reduce estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and cancer risk.
A man is given a drug to reduce thyroid gland size and vascularity before surgical thyroidectomy. Which mechanism is responsible for its use in this setting?
- A. inhibition of the sodium/iodide symporter
- B. inhibition of thyroperoxidase
- C. inhibition of TSH secretion
- D. inhibition of thyroid hormone release
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibition of thyroid hormone release (e.g., by iodides) reduces gland size and vascularity pre-surgery.