Nokea
Flushing occurs when alcohol is taken along with
- A. Phenformin
- B. Chlorpropamide
- C. Glibenclamide
- D. Tolbutamide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlorpropamide causes a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, leading to flushing.
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What does the provider understand about the issue of 'Diabetic Renal Protection' with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) medications? Diabetes mellitus patients:
- A. Have a reduced rate of renal progression, but still need to be discontinued when advanced renal issues present
- B. Who start these medications never progress to renal nephropathy
- C. With early renal dysfunction will see it reverse when on ACE medications
- D. Without renal issues are the only ones who benefit from ACE protection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors slow renal progression in diabetes but are stopped in advanced renal failure.
A newly developed medication for pulmonary hypertension targets blood vessels in the lungs, but does not affect blood vessels in the liver. Which of the following is most likely true of this medication?
- A. It is a ligand that is specific for lung and liver blood-vessel receptors. but which is metabolized rapidly in the liver
- B. It is a ligand that is specific for blood-vessel receptors in the lung but not in the liver
- C. It is a receptor that is upregulated when oxygen tension in the lungs is low
- D. It is a receptor that is only expressed on blood vessels in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medication's specificity for lung blood vessels suggests it targets receptors unique to that tissue, not the liver.
A nurse is preparing to administer Amoxicillin 20 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every 12 hr to a preschooler who weighs 44 lb. The amount available is amoxicillin suspension 250 mg/5 mL. how many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 4
- B. 7
- C. 1
- D. 10
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 44 lb = 20 kg; 20 mg/kg/day 20 kg = 400 mg/day; 400 mg ÷ 2 doses = 200 mg/dose; 200 mg ÷ (250 mg/5 mL) = 4 mL, matching the answer.
Laboratory monitoring for patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers should include:
- A. White blood cell counts with the drug dosage increased for elevations above 10,000 feet
- B. Liver function tests with the drug dosage stopped for alanine aminotransferase values twice that of normal
- C. Serum creatinine levels with the drug dosage reduced for values greater than 2.5 mg/dL
- D. Serum glucose levels with the drug dosage increased for levels greater than 120 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated creatinine (>2.5 mg/dL) indicates renal impairment, requiring dose adjustment.
The standard dosage of St John's wort for the treatment of mild depression is:
- A. 300 mg daily
- B. 100 mg three times a day
- C. 300 mg three times a day
- D. 600 mg three times a day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 300 mg three times daily is the standard dose for St John's wort in mild depression.