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Following a recent history of dyspareunia and lower abdominal pain, a patient has received a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). When providing health education related to self-care, the nurse should address which of the following topics? Select all that apply.
- A. Use of condoms to prevent infecting others
- B. Appropriate use of antibiotics
- C. Taking measures to prevent pregnancy
- D. The need for a Pap smear every 3 months
- E. The importance of weight loss in preventing symptoms
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Patients with PID should use condoms to prevent transmission and adhere to antibiotic regimens. Pregnancy prevention is not a primary concern, though ectopic pregnancy risk exists. Pap smears every 3 months are not required, and weight loss does not prevent PID symptoms.
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A middle-aged female patient has been offered testing for HIV/AIDS upon admission to the hospital for an unrelated health problem. The nurse observes that the patient is visibly surprised and embarrassed by this offer. How should the nurse best respond?
- A. Most women with HIV dont know they have the disease. If you have it, its important we catch it early.
- B. This testing is offered to every adolescent and adult regardless of their lifestyle, appearance or history.
- C. The rationale for this testing is so that you can begin treatment as soon as testing comes back, if its positive.
- D. Youre being offered this testing because you are actually in the prime demographic for HIV infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Routine HIV screening is offered to all individuals aged 13 to 64 in healthcare settings to reduce stigma and encourage testing. This approach avoids assumptions about risk and alleviates patient anxiety.
A patient with genital herpes is having an acute exacerbation. What medication would the nurse expect to be ordered to suppress the symptoms and shorten the course of the infection?
- A. Clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin)
- B. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- C. Podophyllin (Podofin)
- D. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral agent that can suppress the symptoms of genital herpes and shorten the course of the infection. It is effective at reducing the duration of lesions and preventing recurrences. Clotrimazole is used in the treatment of yeast infections. Metronidazole is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis. Podophyllin is used to treat external genital warts.
A patient has returned from a hysterectomy to the post-surgical unit. The patient's care plan addresses the a risk of hemorrhage. How should the nurses best monitor the patient's postoperative blood loss?
- A. Have patients void and have regular bowel movements using a commode rather than a toilet.
- B. Count and inspect each perineal pad used daily.
- C. Swab the patient's perineum for blood presence at least once per shift.
- D. Leave the patient's perineal area open to air to facilitate inspection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Counting and inspecting perineal pads monitors blood loss accurately. Swabbing is insufficient, toilet use is unnecessary, and leaving the perineum open is not standard practice.
A patient diagnosed with cervical cancer will soon begin round of radiation therapy. When planning the patient's subsequent care plan, the nurse should prioritize actions with what goal?
- A. Preventing hemorrhage from bleeding
- B. Ensuring the patient knows the treatment is palliative, not curative
- C. Protecting the safety of patient, family, and staff
- D. Ensuring that patient adheres to dietary restrictions during treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Safety during radiation therapy is critical to protect patients, family, and staff from exposure. Hemorrhage is not a common risk, and the treatment may be curative. Dietary restrictions are not typically required.
A patient has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The nurse should encourage what health promotion activity to address the patients hormone imbalance and infertility?
- A. Kegel exercises
- B. Increased fluid intake
- C. Weight loss
- D. Topical antibiotics as ordered
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss, even as little as 5% of body weight, can improve hormone imbalance and infertility in PCOS. Kegel exercises and fluid intake do not address PCOS. Antibiotics are irrelevant as PCOS is not infectious.