Nokea
Following are correctly matched
- A. Tuberous sclerosis-Cardiac rhabdomyoma
- B. WPW syndrome-SVT
- C. Maternal SLE-Irreversible complete heart block
- D. Parvo B19-Roseola infectiosum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberous sclerosis is associated with cardiac rhabdomyomas.
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Methaemoglobinaemia may occur as a result of ingestion or exposure to:
- A. Paraquat
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Potassium permanganate
- D. Nitrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitrates, when ingested, can lead to methaemoglobinaemia by converting hemoglobin to methemoglobin, impairing oxygen delivery.
The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should the nurse do if evidence of cardiac tamponade is found?
- A. Increase analgesia
- B. Apply warming blankets
- C. Immediately report this to physician
- D. Encourage child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If evidence is noted of cardiac tamponade, which is blood or fluid in the pericardial space constricting the heart, the physician is notified immediately of this life-threatening complication. Increasing analgesia may be done before the physician drains the fluid, but the physician must be notified. Warming blankets are not indicated at this time. Encouraging the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply should be deferred till after the evaluation by the physician.
Klinefelter's syndrome:
- A. Has a karyotype XXV
- B. Is the result of meiotic non-dysjunction
- C. Shows delay in bone age/maturation
- D. Is a recognised cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by meiotic non-dysjunction, resulting in an extra X chromosome (karyotype XXY). It is not inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, and it is not a cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
The following statements are true of bronchiolitis:
- A. Up to 50% of patients continue to wheeze after recovery
- B. The typical pathogen is para-influenza virus
- C. Corticosteroid therapy is beneficial
- D. Tachypnoea is invariable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wheezing after bronchiolitis is common. The typical pathogen is respiratory syncytial virus, not para-influenza. Corticosteroids are not routinely beneficial, and tachypnoea is common but not invariable.
One-year-old child:
- A. Holds a raisin with a finger and thumb
- B. Drinks with a straw
- C. Tells six words with meaning
- D. Can move around holding onto furniture (cruising)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By one year of age, most children can cruise (move around while holding onto furniture), a key milestone in motor development.