Nokea
Following are the sign and symptoms of acute morphine poisoning EXCEPT
- A. Respiratory depression with shallow breathing
- B. Hyperthermia
- C. Pin-point pupil
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute morphine poisoning typically causes respiratory depression, miosis (pin-point pupils), and hypotension, but hypothermia, not hyperthermia, is common due to opioid-induced CNS depression.
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A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the average number of patients that the laboratory should expect to experience side effects if they choose 100 patients at random?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected value (mean) of a binomial distribution is n * p. Here, n=100 and p=0.03, so U = 100 * 0.03 = 3, as calculated in the document.
The nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's laboratory tests. What must the nurse keep in mind when reviewing these results related to medication administration?
- A. The patient's emotional response to the disease process
- B. The timing of the last dose of medication relative to when blood was drawn
- C. The possibility of a drug-laboratory test interaction
- D. A change in the body's responses or actions related to the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The body works through a series of chemical reactions. Because of this, administration of a particular drug may alter results of tests that are done on various chemical levels or reactions as part of a diagnostic study. This drug-laboratory test interaction is caused by the drug being given and not necessarily by a change in the body's responses or actions. The patient's emotional response or timing of the last dose is not important in drug-laboratory interactions.
Prophylactic use of bisphosphonates is recommended for patients with early osteopenia related to long-term use of which of the following drugs?
- A. Selective estrogen receptor modulators
- B. Aspirin
- C. Glucocorticoids
- D. Calcium supplements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause bone loss, warranting bisphosphonate prophylaxis; SERMs protect bone.
Henry is 82 years old and takes two aspirin every morning to treat the arthritis pain in his back. He states the aspirin helps him to 'get going' each day. Lately he has had some heartburn from the aspirin. After ruling out an acute GI bleed, what would be an appropriate course of treatment for Henry?
- A. Add an H2 blocker such as ranitidine to his therapy
- B. Discontinue the aspirin and switch him to Vicodin for the pain
- C. Decrease the aspirin dose to one tablet daily
- D. Have Henry take an antacid 15 minutes before taking the aspirin each day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An H2 blocker reduces aspirin-induced heartburn; stopping or antacids don't address chronic use.
When taken with aminoglycosides, platinum chemotherapy or cyclosporin increase the risk of
- A. Kidney damage
- B. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Platinum chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin) and cyclosporin both potentiate aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, increasing kidney damage risk.