Nokea
Following are the sign and symptoms of acute morphine poisoning EXCEPT
- A. Respiratory depression with shallow breathing
- B. Hyperthermia
- C. Pin-point pupil
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute morphine poisoning typically causes respiratory depression, miosis (pin-point pupils), and hypotension, but hypothermia, not hyperthermia, is common due to opioid-induced CNS depression.
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The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurse's drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
A nurse is caring for a client who received IV Verapamil to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The client's pulse rate is now 98/min and his blood pressure is 74/44 mg hg. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following IV medications?
- A. Calcium gluconate
- B. Sodium bicarbonate
- C. Potassium chloride
- D. Magnesium sulfate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium gluconate reverses verapamil-induced hypotension by counteracting calcium channel blockade.
Clonidine has several off-label uses, including:
- A. Alcohol and nicotine withdrawal
- B. Post-herpetic neuralgia
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clonidine is used off-label for both alcohol/nicotine withdrawal and post-herpetic neuralgia.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patients medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
A nurse is preparing a drug for administration to a patient. The drug does not have an indicated use for the patient's medical diagnosis. What should the nurse do?
- A. Administer the drug as ordered.
- B. Question the prescriber concerning the ordered drug.
- C. Ask a coworker his or her thoughts about the ordered drug for the patient.
- D. Ask the patient why the drug has been prescribed for him or her.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the nurse is not sure about giving a drug, the order should be questioned. The nurse should never give a medication that is not clear. Mistakes do happen and the drug ordered, if not approved for the condition that the patient has, could be an error on someone's part. The person who wrote the order should be questioned, not a co worker, who probably does not know why an off-label drug is being used. It would be unprofessional and inappropriate to ask the patient about the drug.