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For a patient with cirrhosis, which of the following nursing actions can the registered nurse (RN) delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
- A. Assessing the patient for jaundice
- B. Providing oral hygiene after a meal
- C. Palpating the abdomen for distention
- D. Assisting the patient to choose the diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing oral hygiene after a meal is an appropriate task to delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) as it falls within their scope of practice. UAP can assist with basic personal care activities like oral hygiene. Assessing the patient for jaundice and palpating the abdomen for distention involve making clinical assessments that require a higher level of education and training, typically performed by licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs/LVNs) or registered nurses (RNs). Assisting the patient to choose the diet also requires specialized knowledge and would be more appropriate for a nurse to address, considering the complexity of dietary requirements in cirrhosis.
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The functional health pattern assessment data states: 'Eats three meals a day and is of normal weight for height.' The nurse should draw which of the following conclusions about this data? Select all that apply.
- A. Client has an actual health problem
- B. Client has a wellness diagnosis
- C. Collaborative health problem needs to be written
- D. Possible nursing diagnosis exists
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The assessment data provided indicates a healthy pattern of nutrition and a normal weight for height, suggesting a positive health status. This aligns with a wellness diagnosis, such as 'Potential for enhanced nutrition,' which focuses on improving health further. An actual health problem refers to a current health issue present in the client, which is not evident in this data. Collaborative health problems involve interprofessional collaboration and are not indicated based on the information provided. While a diet assessment may be needed to evaluate food quality, the initial data suggests a wellness-focused approach to care.
What is the BEST blood collection location for a newborn?
- A. the AC
- B. the veins of the forehead
- C. the heel
- D. the fingertips
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When collecting blood from newborns, it is safest and most commonly done by collecting blood from the lateral or medial aspect of the baby's heel. This location is preferred due to the accessibility of the veins and the minimal discomfort caused to the newborn. Veins in the forehead are not commonly used for blood collection in newborns. The fingertips are not optimal for blood collection in newborns due to their small size and the potential for causing discomfort. The AC (antecubital) area, typically used in adults for blood collection, is not recommended for newborns due to the size of their veins and the potential risk of injury.
The UAP who has just been accepted to nursing school says to a client, 'You must be so pleased with your progress.' The nurse later explains to the UAP that this is an example of what type of question?
- A. Close-ended question
- B. Open-ended question
- C. Leading question
- D. Neutral question
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement 'You must be so pleased with your progress' is an example of a leading question. Leading questions guide the respondent towards a particular answer or response, potentially biasing the data collected. In this scenario, the UAP's question implies that the client should be pleased with their progress, steering the client's response. Closed-ended questions typically elicit brief factual responses or a 'yes' or 'no.' Open-ended questions encourage clients to provide detailed responses and share their thoughts and feelings freely. Neutral questions do not lead or influence the client's response, allowing for unbiased information gathering.
Specific gravity in urinalysis:
- A. compares the concentration of urine to that of distilled water
- B. is useless when the patient is dehydrated
- C. can only be measured using a refractometer
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Specific gravity in urinalysis measures the concentration of solutes in urine compared to that of distilled water. This comparison helps in assessing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine properly. It is a valuable test even in dehydrated patients as it provides insights into renal function. Specific gravity can be measured using various methods, including a refractometer or reagent strips. Normal specific gravity readings of human urine typically range from 1.005 to 1.030. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the purpose of specific gravity in urinalysis. Choices B and C are incorrect as specific gravity remains relevant in dehydrated patients and can be measured using different techniques, not solely a refractometer.
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a wrist restraint. How often should a restraint be removed, the area massaged, and the joints moved through their full range?
- A. Once a shift
- B. Once an hour
- C. Every 2 hours
- D. Every 4 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints should be removed every 2 hours to prevent complications. Moving the joints through their full range of motion helps prevent muscle shortening and contractures. Massaging the area promotes circulation and reduces the risk of pressure injuries. Removing restraints less frequently could lead to complications like decreased circulation and skin breakdown. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the standard practice of removing restraints every 2 hours to ensure patient safety and well-being.