Nokea
For Nurse Merle to continually practice nursing, she must satisfy the requirements set by the PRC and comply how many units of CPD upon renewal?
- A. 45 units
- B. 25 units
- C. 10 units
- D. 15 units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in the Philippines requires nurses like Nurse Merle to comply with 45 units of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in order to renew their license and continually practice nursing. This is a mandatory requirement to ensure that nurses stay updated with the latest advancements, skills, and knowledge in the field of nursing. By completing the required CPD units, Nurse Merle can enhance her competency, maintain her license, and provide quality care to her patients.
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A patient presents with sudden-onset, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye appears red, with a steamy cornea and mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- B. Central retinal artery occlusion
- C. Optic neuritis
- D. Corneal ulcer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with acute angle-closure glaucoma. This condition typically presents with sudden-onset severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, the affected eye appears red, with a steamy cornea due to corneal edema and a mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil due to pupillary block from the forward displacement of the iris. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is considered a medical emergency as it can lead to permanent vision loss if not promptly treated. Prompt management involves reducing intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve.
A pregnant woman presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding at 34 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is found to be closed. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Abruptio placentae
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to painless vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In the scenario described, the painless, bright red vaginal bleeding at 34 weeks gestation with a closed cervix is classic for placenta previa. This condition is more common in the third trimester and can be diagnosed through ultrasound. It is important to manage placenta previa carefully to prevent complications such as severe bleeding, preterm birth, and maternal/fetal distress.
Population structure is a diagram of population typically presented in a pyramid-like style format based on ___________.
- A. Sex and educational attainment
- B. Age and civil status
- C. Age and fertility
- D. Age and sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population structure is a diagram that presents the distribution of a population based on age and sex. It is typically displayed in a pyramid-like style format, with the horizontal axis showing the age groups and the vertical axis showing the percentage or number of individuals in each age group, divided by sex. This helps to visualize how the population is distributed in terms of age and sex, providing important insights into demographic trends, such as age dependency ratio and potential future trends in population growth or decline. Age and sex are the key demographic variables used to construct a population structure diagram.
A nurse is preparing to perform a gastric lavage procedure for a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural effectiveness?
- A. Administering antacid medication to the patient before the procedure
- B. Using lukewarm water for gastric lavage to avoid thermal injury
- C. Limiting the lavage fluid volume to prevent fluid overload
- D. Positioning the patient in a left lateral decubitus position during lavage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize positioning the patient in a left lateral decubitus position during gastric lavage to ensure procedural effectiveness. This position helps to promote optimal drainage of fluid and gastric contents. Placing the patient in a left lateral position allows gravity to assist in the passage of fluid and prevents the risk of aspiration. It also helps to minimize the risk of complications such as reflux of lavage fluid into the respiratory tract. Proper positioning is essential in enhancing the success of the gastric lavage procedure and promoting patient safety.
A postpartum client exhibits signs of severe dehydration, including dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and oliguria. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Administering intravenous fluids as ordered
- B. Offering oral rehydration solutions
- C. Providing education on fluid intake
- D. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering intravenous fluids as ordered is the most appropriate nursing action for a postpartum client exhibiting signs of severe dehydration. Severe dehydration, as indicated by dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and oliguria, requires immediate intervention to restore fluid balance effectively. Intravenous fluids deliver fluids directly into the bloodstream, ensuring rapid rehydration and addressing the critical situation promptly. Offering oral rehydration solutions may not be sufficient to address severe dehydration, and providing education on fluid intake can be important for prevention but is not the immediate priority in this scenario. Notifying the healthcare provider is essential, but initiating intravenous fluids promptly is crucial in managing severe dehydration.