Nokea
For which of the following population groups would an annual clinical breast examination be recommended?
- A. Women over age 21
- B. Women over age 25
- C. Women over age 40
- D. All post-pubescent females with a family history of breast cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Annual clinical breast examinations are recommended for women aged 40 and older as part of routine breast cancer screening. Younger women may require less frequent exams unless at high risk, such as those with a family history.
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The nurse is reviewing the physicians notes from the patient who has just left the clinic. The nurse learns that the physician suspects a malignant breast tumor. On palpation, the mass most likely had what characteristic?
- A. Nontenderness
- B. A size of 5 mm
- C. Softness and a regular shape
- D. Mobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Malignant breast tumors are typically nontender, hard, fixed, and irregularly shaped. Small size, softness, or mobility are more characteristic of benign lesions like cysts.
A 42-year-old man has come to the clinic for an annual physical. The nurse notes in the patients history that his father was treated for breast cancer. What should the nurse provide to the patient before he leaves the clinic?
- A. A referral for a mammogram
- B. Instructions about breast self-examination (BSE)
- C. A referral to a surgeon
- D. A referral to a support group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Men with a family history of breast cancer, like a father, have an increased risk and should be taught breast self-examination to monitor for changes. Referrals for mammograms, surgery, or support groups are not indicated without symptoms or a diagnosis.
A woman calls the clinic and tells the nurse she has had bloody drainage from her right nipple. The nurse makes an appointment for this patient, expecting the physician or practitioner to order what diagnostic test on this patient?
- A. Breast ultrasound
- B. Radiography
- C. Positron emission testing (PET)
- D. Galactography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Galactography, involving contrast injection into the ductal system followed by mammography, is used to evaluate bloody nipple discharge for ductal abnormalities. Ultrasound, radiography, and PET are not specific for this indication.
The nurse is caring for a 52-year-old woman whose aunt and mother died of breast cancer. The patient states, My doctor and I talked about Tamoxifen to help prevent breast cancer. Do you think it will work? What would be the nurses best response?
- A. Yes, its known to have a slight protective effect.
- B. Yes, but studies also show an increased risk of osteoporosis.
- C. You wont need to worry about getting cancer as long as you take Tamoxifen.
- D. Tamoxifen is known to be a highly effective protective measure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator proven to significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women, making it a highly effective chemopreventive agent. It does not eliminate risk entirely, and it also helps prevent osteoporosis, not increase it. A slight protective effect understates its efficacy.
A patient has had a total mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. The patient asks the nurse when she can take a shower. What should the nurse respond?
- A. Not until the drain is removed
- B. On the second postoperative day
- C. Now, if you wash gently with soap and water
- D. Seven days after your surgery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Showering is typically contraindicated until surgical drains are removed to prevent infection or disruption of the reconstruction site. Immediate or early showering risks complications, and a fixed timeline like seven days is not standard.