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For which of the following reasons should the school nurse recommend that an HIV-infected child not be allowed to attend school?
- A. The child develops allergies with sneezing.
- B. The school system requires students to receive routine immunizations.
- C. There is an outbreak of chicken pox at the school.
- D. There is strong objection from parents of well children.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An outbreak of chickenpox (C) justifies exclusion due to the HIV child's immunocompromised state, per CDC guidelines. Allergies (A), immunizations (B), and objections (D) don't warrant exclusion.
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The most appropriate method of treating shock in an emergency is to:
- A. Keep the patient standing
- B. Elevate the patient's legs to improve blood flow
- C. Apply ice to the patient's extremities
- D. Give the patient food and water immediately
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, standing worsens shock. Rationale B: Correct, elevating legs improves circulation unless contraindicated. Rationale C: Incorrect, ice is not standard for shock. Rationale D: Incorrect, food/water can harm in shock.
Consider the following statements: (a) The Disaster Management Act was passed by the Parliament in 2005. (b) The Union Home Minister Acts as a Chairperson of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). (c) The NDMA may have not more than nine members including Vice-Chairman. (d) The tenure of the members of NDMA shall be five years. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A. (a), (b) and (c)
- B. (a), (c) and (d)
- C. (b), (c) and (d)
- D. All above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, excludes (d) which is true. Rationale B: Correct, (a) 2005 Act, (c) max nine members, (d) five-year tenure are accurate; (b) is false as the Prime Minister chairs NDMA. Rationale C: Incorrect, includes false (b). Rationale D: Incorrect, (b) is false.
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when:
- A. The body is exposed to extreme cold
- B. There is insufficient blood flow to the organs and tissues
- C. The body temperature rises too quickly
- D. A person eats something poisonous
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, that's hypothermia. Rationale B: Correct, shock is poor perfusion. Rationale C: Incorrect, that's heat-related. Rationale D: Incorrect, poisoning may lead to shock but isn't the definition.
What information is most important to keep in mind when caring for a pregnant teen?
- A. All teen pregnancies are considered high risk.
- B. Limited knowledge can lead to pregnancy complications.
- C. Pregnant teens are less likely to focus on proper prenatal nutrition.
- D. Pregnant teens who are poor are more likely to have poorer health outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, not all teen pregnancies are high risk; it depends on factors. Rationale B: Incorrect, knowledge is a factor but not the most critical. Rationale C: Incorrect, nutrition focus varies individually. Rationale D: Correct, poverty strongly correlates with poorer outcomes due to access issues.
What is the initial step in disaster management?
- A. Preparedness
- B. Response
- C. Recovery
- D. Mitigation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The initial step in disaster management is mitigation (D), which focuses on reducing risks before disasters occur through measures like strengthening infrastructure and enforcing building codes, per FEMA's disaster management cycle. Preparedness (A) follows, then response (B), and recovery (C).