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Fred Hampton desired to see lasting social change for African American people through nonviolent means and community recognition. Which of the following is the best way to start this sentence?
- A. NO CHANGE
- B. Unfortunately,
- C. Finally,
- D. As a result,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 'As a result' correctly introduces the cause-and-effect relationship in the sentence. In this context, 'As a result' signifies that Fred Hampton's desire for lasting social change through nonviolent means and community recognition led to a specific outcome or consequence. The other choices, 'Unfortunately,' 'Finally,' and 'NO CHANGE,' do not fit the context as they do not convey the cause-and-effect relationship intended in the sentence.
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Which of the following is NOT an effective brainstorming strategy?
- A. Making a list of possible topics/subtopics
- B. Daydreaming until inspiration strikes
- C. Freewriting, then reading over what you wrote
- D. Asking yourself who, what, where, when, why, and how
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daydreaming is a passive process and may not always lead to concrete ideas. Effective brainstorming involves actively generating ideas through structured methods. Making a list of topics/subtopics helps organize thoughts, freewriting encourages continuous idea flow, and asking specific questions prompts deeper thinking and idea generation. Daydreaming, on the other hand, lacks structure and may not consistently yield productive results in a brainstorming session.
What does the prefix circum- mean in the word circumference?
- A. Beyond
- B. After
- C. Around
- D. Before
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The prefix 'circum-' means 'around,' which is the definition most related to 'circumference.' Circumference refers to the boundary that surrounds a circular shape. Choice A, 'Beyond,' is incorrect as it implies going further or exceeding a boundary. Choice B, 'After,' is not related to the concept of surrounding or encircling. Choice D, 'Before,' is also unrelated and denotes something occurring prior to a specific time or event.
Which of the following demonstrates correct punctuation?
- A. Graham still needs the following items for his class: a sable brush, soft pastels, a sketchbook, and an easel.
- B. Graham still needs the following items for his class, a sable brush, soft pastels, a sketchbook, and an easel.
- C. Graham still needs the following items for his class: a sable brush; soft pastels; a sketchbook; and an easel.
- D. Graham still needs the following items for his class - a sable brush; soft pastels; a sketchbook; and an easel.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A demonstrates correct punctuation. The sentence uses a colon to introduce a list, which is the most appropriate punctuation in this context. A colon is typically used to signal that a list or explanation follows, making it the suitable choice here. Choices B, C, and D either use a comma, semi-colon, or dash incorrectly to introduce the list, deviating from the standard punctuation rule for listing items. Therefore, they are incorrect in the context of this sentence.
Which of the answer choices best explains the purpose of the parentheses in the sentence?
- A. To offer brief commentary on the subject matter being discussed
- B. To modify or qualify the statement that came immediately before
- C. To identify information that was located using another source
- D. To set off useful information that does not fit the flow of the sentence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Parentheses are used to set off supplementary information (the years of Franz Joseph I's reign) that provides context but does not disrupt the flow of the main sentence. Choice A is incorrect as the purpose of the parentheses in this case is not to offer commentary but to provide additional information. Choice B is incorrect as the parentheses do not modify or qualify the statement before. Choice C is incorrect as the information in the parentheses is not identified as being from another source.
Protestors filled the streets of the city because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership. Which of the following is an appropriately-punctuated correction for this sentence?
- A. Protestors filled the streets of the city, because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.
- B. Protesters, filled the streets of the city, because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.
- C. Because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership, protestors filled the streets of the city.
- D. Protestors filled the streets of the city because they were dissatisfied with the government's leadership.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The sentence should be corrected by removing the period and joining the clauses to avoid a sentence fragment. Option A is incorrect because it incorrectly separates the clauses with a comma. Option B is incorrect as it incorrectly uses a comma after 'Protesters' and lacks proper structure. Option C is incorrect as it places the subordinate clause at the beginning, which disrupts the flow of the sentence.