Nokea
Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the _________ stage.
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phallic. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between ages 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the phallic stage. This stage is characterized by the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the oral stage typically occurs during the first year of life, the anal stage occurs around ages 2 to 3, and the genital stage is the final stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development.
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Which of the following best describes a securely attached child in Japanese culture?
- A. A child who is dependent, emotionally restrained, and can express his feelings only in an indirect manner.
- B. A child who is independent, emotionally expressive, and can communicate well.
- C. A child who is dependent, emotionally labile, and can express his feelings only in an aggressive manner.
- D. A child who is independent, emotionally restrained, and can communicate well.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Japanese culture, a securely attached child is described as dependent and emotionally restrained. This means that the child relies on their caregiver for support and is able to control their emotions, expressing their feelings in a more subtle and indirect manner. Choice B is incorrect as it describes independence, which is not characteristic of a securely attached child in Japanese culture. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes emotional lability and expressing feelings aggressively, which are not typical of securely attached children. Choice D is incorrect as it combines independence with emotional restraint, which does not align with the characteristics of a securely attached child in Japanese culture.
What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior?
- A. Socioeconomic status does not affect the prevalence of abnormal behavior.
- B. There is a positive correlation between low socioeconomic status and a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior.
- C. Higher socioeconomic status is associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal behavior.
- D. Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior are unrelated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. There is a positive correlation between low socioeconomic status and a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status may face more stressors, reduced access to mental health resources, and other challenges that can contribute to a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic status does affect the prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect because higher socioeconomic status is not associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice D is incorrect as there is a clear relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior.
What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in understanding mental disorders?
- A. The diathesis-stress model suggests that stress alone causes mental disorders.
- B. The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders.
- C. The diathesis-stress model is outdated and irrelevant.
- D. The diathesis-stress model focuses only on environmental factors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental stress are necessary for the development of mental disorders, highlighting the interaction between nature and nurture. Choice A is incorrect because the model emphasizes the combined influence of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Choice C is incorrect as the diathesis-stress model remains a valuable framework in understanding mental health. Choice D is incorrect because the model considers both genetic and environmental factors, not solely environmental factors.
The site of chemical communication in the brain is the ________.
- A. neuron
- B. synapse
- C. axon
- D. dendrite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The synapse is the correct answer. It is the site where communication between neurons occurs through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Choice A, neuron, is incorrect as it is the cell itself rather than a specific site of communication. Choice C, axon, is also incorrect as it is a part of the neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body. Choice D, dendrite, is not the correct answer either, as dendrites receive signals from other neurons but do not release neurotransmitters for communication.
A model of understanding mental illnesses that attempts to integrate the contributions of many different types of actors is called the ________ viewpoint.
- A. biopsychosocial
- B. sociocultural
- C. Gestalt
- D. neuroscience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: biopsychosocial. The biopsychosocial viewpoint considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illnesses. This model recognizes that mental health and illness are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Choice B, sociocultural, focuses more on societal and cultural influences on mental health, while Choice C, Gestalt, relates to holistic psychology. Choice D, neuroscience, emphasizes the role of the nervous system and brain in mental processes, but it does not encompass the broader integration of biological, psychological, and social aspects seen in the biopsychosocial viewpoint.