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Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual’s clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine?
- A. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases
- B. Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer
- C. Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals
- D. Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A is correct as genomic medicine involves using genetic information for clinical care, such as screening neonates for genetic diseases. This helps in early detection and treatment. B is incorrect as drug development is not the main focus of genomic medicine. C is incorrect as trial studies focus on drug effects, not genetic information. D is incorrect as tracing genetic mutations is related to genetics research, not clinical care in genomic medicine.
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Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions
An expectant father asks the nurse, “Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosome?” What is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. X-bearing sperm
- B. The tail of the sperm
- C. The head of the sperm
- D. The middle portion of the sperm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: The head of the sperm. The head of the sperm contains the genetic material, including the male chromosome (Y chromosome). This is where the genetic information determining the sex of the offspring is located. The tail of the sperm is responsible for movement, not genetic material. X-bearing sperm would contain the female chromosome, not the male chromosome. The middle portion of the sperm does not specifically contain the genetic material related to determining the sex of the offspring.
What is the function of the yolk sac in early pregnancy?
- A. Provides antibodies to the developing fetus
- B. Produces blood cells for the fetus
- C. Secretes hormones needed to support the pregnancy
- D. Becomes the placenta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the yolk sac in early pregnancy produces blood cells for the fetus. This is essential for the fetus's development as it helps in the formation of the circulatory system. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Providing antibodies to the developing fetus is typically done by the placenta, not the yolk sac.
C: Hormones needed to support the pregnancy are mainly secreted by the placenta and other maternal structures, not the yolk sac.
D: The yolk sac does not become the placenta; they are two distinct structures with different functions.
Upon receiving report on a 36-week G1P0 patient, the nurse has been informed that the pregnancy is at high risk because the umbilical cords may become entangled. Which does the nurse understand about this pregnancy?
- A. It is a diamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
- B. It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
- C. It is a monoamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
- D. It is a diamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation. In this type of pregnancy, twins share the same amniotic sac (monoamnionic) and placenta (monochorionic). This situation increases the risk of cord entanglement, leading to potential complications. The other choices are incorrect because they do not describe a pregnancy with the same level of risk for cord entanglement. Choice A, diamnionic, monochorionic, implies two amniotic sacs, reducing the risk of cord entanglement. Choice C, monoamnionic, dichorionic, describes a less risky scenario with two separate placentas. Choice D, diamnionic, dichorionic, indicates two separate sacs and placentas, also reducing the risk of cord entanglement.
An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.
The nurse is educating the pregnant person on the effects of the placenta hormones. What information does the nurse include in the teaching about relaxin? Select all that apply.
- A. makes the ligaments softer and more flexible
- B. helps decrease peripheral vascular resistance
- C. plays a role in the appearance of the linea nigra
- D. helps the skin stretch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because relaxin plays a role in the appearance of the linea nigra during pregnancy. Linea nigra is a dark line that runs from the belly button to the pubic bone caused by hormonal changes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Relaxin primarily affects the cervix and pelvic ligaments, making them softer and more flexible to prepare for childbirth, but it does not help decrease peripheral vascular resistance or directly aid in skin stretching.