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Given the limited supply, the local health department is required to prioritize the distribution of influenza vaccines. Who should the public health nurse advise to return to the clinic when more vaccines are available?
- A. A 65-year-old aide working in a nursing home.
- B. An 8-year-old girl with poorly-controlled asthma.
- C. A 60-year-old client with diabetes and agoraphobia (fear of crowds).
- D. An 80-year-old resident in an Alzheimer's unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 60-year-old client with diabetes is at increased risk for complications from influenza. However, their agoraphobia (fear of crowds) might make them less likely to be exposed to the virus compared to the other individuals. Therefore, they could be advised to return to the clinic when more vaccines are available.
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The number of students seeking information about teenage pregnancy has risen by 259%. Two years ago, a nurse evaluated the health needs of high school students and identified student pregnancy as a significant issue. As a result, the nurse created a pregnancy prevention program for the entire school district. Which outcome is the strongest evidence of the program's success?
- A. 80% of the students participate in a voluntary sex education seminar.
- B. Students report an average delay of 2 years for their first sexual encounter.
- C. 75% of the parents express support for a pregnancy prevention program in the schools.
- D. The school district reports a decrease in the number of teenage pregnancies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A decrease in the number of teenage pregnancies in the school district is the strongest evidence of the program's success. This outcome directly aligns with the goal of a pregnancy prevention program, which is to reduce the number of teenage pregnancies.
A 2-month-old infant contracts a disease through vertical transmission. Which situation should the nurse investigate further to ascertain how the infant might have been exposed to the disease?
- A. The infant received a scheduled immunization.
- B. The father fed the infant spoiled baby food.
- C. The mother is breastfeeding the infant.
- D. The infant was bitten by an infected mosquito.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breastfeeding is a common method of vertical transmission. Certain infections in the mother can be passed to the infant through breast milk. Therefore, if a 2-month-old infant contracts a disease that could be transmitted vertically, it would be important to investigate if the mother could be the source of the infection.
A 42-year-old male client, who started experiencing mild flu-like symptoms 2 days ago, including an oral temperature of 101.2 °F (38.4 °C), came to the emergency department today due to increasing shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. The client has no significant medical or surgical history. He occasionally drinks alcohol but denies smoking or drug use. He mentioned that he works in a government building and opened a package that was full of white powder. He may have inhaled some of the powder and coughed a few times but did not have any problems until a couple of days later. What actions should be taken?
- A. Apply oxygen via a nasal cannula.
- B. Place the client on a cardiorespiratory monitor.
- C. Infuse IV fluid boluses.
- D. Administer antiviral medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Given the client's symptoms and potential exposure to an unknown substance, it is crucial to monitor his vital signs and cardiorespiratory status. This will help healthcare providers detect any changes in the client's condition and respond appropriately.
A 5-year-old patient has been brought in for a routine check-up and vaccination update. The mother reports that the child has been having difficulty focusing in school and has shown a decreased appetite in recent weeks. What actions should the nurse take?
- A. Review the child's medical history for any allergies or sensitivities.
- B. Examine the child's torso and arms for any signs of physical trauma.
- C. Advise the parents to initiate treatment with permethrin.
- D. Recommend the parents to seek further medical evaluation for the child.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Given the child's symptoms of difficulty focusing in school and decreased appetite, it would be appropriate to recommend the parents to seek further medical evaluation for the child. These symptoms could be indicative of various conditions, including emotional distress, sleep disorders, or other health issues.
The public health nurse is investigating a report of several chickenpox (varicella virus) cases at a daycare center. The daycare worker mentions that five children have been sent home over the past two weeks with fever and itchy blisters. What should be the nurse's initial action?
- A. Report the presence of a viral endemic at the daycare center.
- B. Confirm the number of children exhibiting symptoms.
- C. Verify that the children sent home did indeed develop chickenpox.
- D. Determine the number of people potentially exposed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's initial action should be to verify that the children sent home did indeed develop chickenpox. This is because chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Early identification and confirmation of the disease can help in implementing appropriate control measures to prevent further spread.