Nokea
Growth hormone secretion is raised by:
- A. Sleep
- B. Stress
- C. IGF-1
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sleep
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Nurse Oliver s teaching a mother who plans to discontinue breast-feeding after 5 months. The nurse should advise her to include which foods in her infant’s diet?
- A. Iron-rich formula and baby food
- B. Whole milk and baby food
- C. Skim milk and baby food
- D. Iron-rich formula only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron-rich formula and baby food provide essential nutrients for a 5-month-old infant transitioning from breastfeeding.
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Pulmonic stenosis
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Transposition of the great arteries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrial septal defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow. Blood flows from the left atrium (higher pressure) into the right atrium (lower pressure) and then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonic stenosis is an obstruction to blood flowing from the ventricles. Tricuspid atresia results in decreased pulmonary blood flow. Transposition of the great arteries results in mixed blood flow.
Systolic murmur in which among the following conditions does not increase in intensity in the cardiac cycle after a premature ventricular contraction?
- A. Valvular aortic stenosis
- B. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- C. Valvular pulmonic stenosis
- D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse does not typically increase in intensity after a premature ventricular contraction.
The causative organisms for endocarditis in pediatric patients are
- A. enterococci
- B. group B streptococci
- C. viridans-type streptococci
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of endocarditis in pediatric patients.
Complications of long-term TPN administration are:
- A. Selenium deficiency
- B. Abnormal liver function tests
- C. Osteopaenia
- D. Renal failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selenium deficiency is a known complication of long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to inadequate trace element supplementation.