Nokea
Hemodynamic definition of 'Isolated post-capillary Pulmonary Hypertension' is
- A. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure > 15 mm Hg
- B. Right ventricular systolic pressure > 36 mm Hg
- C. Diastolic pressure gradient < 7 mm Hg
- D. Pulmonary vascular resistance > 3 Wood units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is defined by a pulmonary artery wedge pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
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All of the following are useful indicators regarding the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot
- A. Systemic arterial oxygen saturation
- B. Intensity of outflow murmur
- C. Functional class
- D. Right ventricular outflow gradient by echocardiography
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The intensity of the outflow murmur is not a reliable indicator of the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot.
List THREE indications for intervention for aortopathy in Marfan’s syndrome in an older teenager.
- A. Aortic root or ascending aorta dilation >44-50mm
- B. Symptomatic (pain consistent with rupture)
- C. Growth of >0.5cm/y
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are significant indicators that require surgical intervention to prevent further complications, such as rupture or dissection.
Which plan would be appropriate in helping to control congestive heart failure (CHF) in an infant?
- A. Promoting fluid restriction
- B. Feeding a low-salt formula
- C. Feeding in semi-Fowler position
- D. Encouraging breast milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Feeding in a more upright position helps fluid drain from the lungs, improving breathing and reducing cardiac workload.
What is the most likely congenital heart lesion in a newborn with Trisomy 21?
- A. AVSD
- B. Tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Ventricular septal defect
- D. Pulmonary stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is highly associated with Trisomy 21 and is the most likely congenital heart lesion in these infants.
Regarding bronchial asthma:
- A. Mortality has shown an increase during the past three decades
- B. The incidence is greater in males than females
- C. Nocturnal cough is a recognised feature
- D. Post-RSV bronchial hyperreactivity is strongly associated with atopy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nocturnal cough is a common and recognized feature of bronchial asthma, often disrupting sleep.