Nokea
Henry is 82 years old and takes two aspirin every morning to treat the arthritis pain in his back. He states the aspirin helps him to 'get going' each day. Lately he has had some heartburn from the aspirin. After ruling out an acute GI bleed, what would be an appropriate course of treatment for Henry?
- A. Add an H2 blocker such as ranitidine to his therapy
- B. Discontinue the aspirin and switch him to Vicodin for the pain
- C. Decrease the aspirin dose to one tablet daily
- D. Have Henry take an antacid 15 minutes before taking the aspirin each day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An H2 blocker reduces aspirin-induced heartburn; stopping or antacids don't address chronic use.
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Following are the sign and symptoms of acute morphine poisoning EXCEPT
- A. Respiratory depression with shallow breathing
- B. Hyperthermia
- C. Pin-point pupil
- D. Hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute morphine poisoning typically causes respiratory depression, miosis (pin-point pupils), and hypotension, but hypothermia, not hyperthermia, is common due to opioid-induced CNS depression.
A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the average number of patients that the laboratory should expect to experience side effects if they choose 100 patients at random?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected value (mean) of a binomial distribution is n * p. Here, n=100 and p=0.03, so U = 100 * 0.03 = 3, as calculated in the document.
When taken with aminoglycosides, platinum chemotherapy or cyclosporin increase the risk of
- A. Kidney damage
- B. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Platinum chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin) and cyclosporin both potentiate aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, increasing kidney damage risk.
A nurse is preparing a drug for administration to a patient. The drug does not have an indicated use for the patient's medical diagnosis. What should the nurse do?
- A. Administer the drug as ordered.
- B. Question the prescriber concerning the ordered drug.
- C. Ask a coworker his or her thoughts about the ordered drug for the patient.
- D. Ask the patient why the drug has been prescribed for him or her.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the nurse is not sure about giving a drug, the order should be questioned. The nurse should never give a medication that is not clear. Mistakes do happen and the drug ordered, if not approved for the condition that the patient has, could be an error on someone's part. The person who wrote the order should be questioned, not a co worker, who probably does not know why an off-label drug is being used. It would be unprofessional and inappropriate to ask the patient about the drug.
Pick the true statement:
- A. Amox- Clavulanic, Clavulanic increases amox activity
- B. Sublactum is used in treatment of Leprosy
- C. Aztreonam is a metabolite of clarithromycin
- D. Cilastatin imipenam- cilastatin prevents hydrolysis of imipenam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sulbactam is used in leprosy treatment; other statements are incorrect (e.g., clavulanic enhances amoxicillin, cilastatin protects imipenem).