Nokea
Herbal products that should be avoided when a patient is taking warfarin include:
- A. Ginkgo biloba
- B. Echinacea
- C. Valerian root
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because ginkgo biloba has antiplatelet effects, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulation and bleeding risk, so it should be avoided. Choice B is incorrect as echinacea doesn't significantly interact with warfarin. Choice C is wrong because valerian root's sedative effects don't notably affect anticoagulation. Choice D is incorrect since only ginkgo biloba poses a clear risk.
You may also like to solve these questions
When teaching a client who has a new prescription for metformin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor for signs of hyperglycemia.
- C. Increase your fluid intake.
- D. Expect a metallic taste in your mouth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration helps reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset and ensures the medication is well-tolerated. Option A is generally true for metformin but is not as essential as maintaining proper hydration. Option B is important but not directly related to starting metformin. Option D is incorrect as a metallic taste in the mouth is not typically associated with metformin.
In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions:
- A. for controlled substances.
- B. for specified classifications of medications.
- C. without physician-mandated involvement.
- D. with full, independent prescriptive authority.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because all states grant NPs some prescriptive authority, but it’s often limited to specific drug classes. Choice A is incorrect as not all states allow controlled substances. Choice C is wrong since physician involvement is required in many states. Choice D is inaccurate as full independence isn’t universal.
Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day's dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. A loading dose:
- A. Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range
- B. Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain
- C. Is influenced by renal function
- D. Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because a loading dose, like azithromycin's higher first-day dose, quickly elevates drug levels to the therapeutic range for faster effect. Choice B is incorrect as steady state, not loading, takes four to five half-lives; loading bypasses this delay. Choice C is wrong because renal function affects maintenance dosing, not the loading concept. Choice D is incorrect since circulation to tissues is a distribution issue, not the purpose of a loading dose.
An NP prescribes an oral elixir medication for a child who is to take 1 tsp PO bid. When counseling the child's parents about administering this drug, the NP should tell them to:
- A. shake the medication well before giving each dose.
- B. mix the medication with cereal or applesauce to improve its taste.
- C. administer the medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption.
- D. use a syringe purchased at the pharmacy to measure the medication accurately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a syringe ensures accurate dosing (teaspoons vary 2.5-7.8 mL). Choice A is incorrect (elixirs don’t need shaking). Choice B is wrong (mixing risks incomplete dosing). Choice C is inaccurate (empty stomach isn’t required).
Drugs that require therapeutic drug monitoring include:
- A. Lithium
- B. Acetaminophen
- C. Albuterol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because lithium has a narrow therapeutic range, necessitating monitoring to maintain efficacy for bipolar disorder while avoiding toxicity, unlike the others. Choice B is incorrect as acetaminophen, used for pain, has a wider safety margin and doesn't require routine monitoring. Choice C is wrong because albuterol, a bronchodilator, acts locally with minimal systemic levels needing checks. Choice D is incorrect since only lithium among these requires therapeutic drug monitoring.