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How are lipids different from other organic molecules?

  • A. They are indivisible.
  • B. They are not water-soluble.
  • C. They contain zinc.
  • D. They form long proteins.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lipids are different from other organic molecules because they are not water-soluble, unlike carbohydrates and proteins. This property is due to their hydrophobic nature, which makes them insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids play essential roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure, making them distinct from other organic molecules. The statement 'They are indivisible' (Choice A) is not accurate as lipids can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C, 'They contain zinc,' is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc. Choice D, 'They form long proteins,' is inaccurate as lipids do not form proteins; proteins are formed from amino acids.

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Which type of passive transport uses proteins that change shape to move a target molecule through the membrane?

  • A. Diffusion
  • B. Carrier proteins
  • C. Channel proteins
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carrier proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion, a type of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane with the help of specific carrier proteins that change shape to transport the molecules across. Channel proteins, on the other hand, form pores or channels to allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane via passive transport. Diffusion, while a passive transport process, does not involve proteins changing shape to facilitate the movement of molecules.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

  • A. Cardiac, spinal, stomach
  • B. Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
  • C. Neuron, epithelial, collagen
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth, skeletal, cardiac. Muscle tissue in the body is classified into three main types: smooth muscle (found in hollow organs like the digestive tract), skeletal muscle (attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movement), and cardiac muscle (specific to the heart, responsible for its rhythmic contractions). Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it lists the three types of muscle tissue.

Why is the nucleus important in a cell?

  • A. It stores the DNA.
  • B. It provides structural support.
  • C. It synthesizes proteins.
  • D. It produces energy from food.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nucleus is crucial in a cell because it stores the DNA, which contains the genetic information necessary for directing the cell's activities and determining its characteristics. The nucleus does not provide structural support, synthesize proteins, or produce energy from food; these functions are carried out by other cell organelles. Therefore, the main role of the nucleus is to safeguard and regulate the genetic material of the cell, ensuring proper cell function and inheritance of traits.

In the scenario presented in question #49, what type of solution is the egg immersed in?

  • A. Hypertonic
  • B. Isotonic
  • C. Hypotonic
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When an egg is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the egg into the surrounding solution due to the higher concentration of solutes outside the egg. This results in the egg shrinking or shriveling up as water leaves it, indicating a hypertonic environment.

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

  • A. Dogs like treats
  • B. Red is the best color
  • C. If I eat 100 donuts, then I will feel sick
  • D. If a plant is exposed to red light, then it will show less growth than natural light.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment based on observations or research. Option D is the best example of a hypothesis as it presents a clear cause-and-effect relationship that can be tested through an experiment. Options A, B, and C do not provide a clear prediction or testable statement, making them weaker examples of hypotheses. In contrast, option D clearly states the expected outcome of exposing a plant to red light, allowing for a specific experiment to test this hypothesis.

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