ATI TEAS Science Practice Test

ATI TEAS Science Practice Test Related

Review ATI TEAS Science Practice Test related questions and content

How are the motor pathways of the ANS arranged?

  • A. Single neuron from CNS to target organ
  • B. Two neurons, a pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic neuron
  • C. Multiple neurons from CNS to target organ
  • D. Single neuron from CNS to peripheral ganglia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are organized with two neurons: a pre-ganglionic neuron that transmits the signal from the central nervous system (CNS) to a ganglion, and a post-ganglionic neuron that conveys the signal from the ganglion to the target organ. This dual-neuron pathway enables the integration and modulation of signals before reaching the target organ, allowing for a more sophisticated and adaptable control system. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a single neuron pathway, which is not characteristic of ANS motor pathways. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests multiple neurons from the CNS to the target organ, which is not the typical arrangement. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a single neuron pathway from the CNS to peripheral ganglia, which does not account for the ganglionic transmission in ANS motor pathways.

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What is the fatty substance that coats axons to insulate, protect, and speed up impulses?

  • A. Myelin
  • B. Dendrite
  • C. Neuron
  • D. Synapse
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Myelin.' Myelin is a fatty substance that functions as an insulator for axons, providing protection and enhancing the speed of electrical impulses along neurons. This insulation is essential for ensuring efficient and rapid communication within the nervous system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals, neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit information, and synapses are the junctions between neurons where communication occurs.

What is the basic structure of an atom?

  • A. Protons, neutrons, electrons
  • B. Protons, electrons, ions
  • C. Neutrons, electrons, ions
  • D. Protons, ions, molecules
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The basic structure of an atom consists of protons and neutrons located in the nucleus, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons carry no charge, and electrons carry a negative charge. This arrangement maintains the overall neutrality of the atom, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Protons, neutrons, electrons.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the fundamental components of an atom. Choice B includes 'ions,' which are charged particles, not fundamental components of an atom. Choice C includes 'ions' and lacks protons. Choice D includes 'ions' and 'molecules,' which are not part of the basic structure of an atom.

Which of the following lists the structures found beneath the rib in descending order?

  • A. Nerve → Artery → Vein
  • B. Vein → Nerve → Artery
  • C. Vein → Artery → Nerve
  • D. Artery → Nerve → Vein
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of structures found beneath the rib in descending order is Vein → Artery → Nerve. This sequence is important to remember for medical procedures like inserting a chest tube to ensure precision and avoid complications. Choice A is incorrect because the nerve is not typically the structure closest to the rib. Choice B is incorrect as the vein is usually closer to the rib than the nerve. Choice D is incorrect as the artery is usually closer to the rib than the nerve.

What are the structural and functional units responsible for creating and transporting urine, located in the cortex of the kidney?

  • A. Glomerulus
  • B. Nephrons
  • C. Loops of Henle
  • D. Distal tubules
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Nephrons.' Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidneys responsible for creating and transporting urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons located in the cortex and medulla. The nephron consists of the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus, and the renal tubule, which consists of the proximal tubule, loops of Henle, and distal tubule. While the glomerulus, loops of Henle, and distal tubules are all parts of the nephron, the nephrons as a whole are specifically responsible for creating and transporting urine.

Which feedback loop inhibits the stimulus or the deviation from homeostasis?

  • A. Negative feedback loop
  • B. Positive feedback loop
  • C. Inhibitory feedback loop
  • D. Stimulating feedback loop
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Negative feedback loop. Negative feedback loops work to inhibit the stimulus or reduce the deviation from a set point, maintaining homeostasis by counteracting any changes from the norm. In this case, the negative feedback loop acts to minimize any deviation from the body's internal balance, ensuring stability and optimal functioning. Choice B, a positive feedback loop, amplifies the stimulus or deviation, moving systems away from homeostasis. Choice C, an inhibitory feedback loop, is not a commonly recognized term in the context of feedback mechanisms. Choice D, a stimulating feedback loop, is not a standard term and does not accurately describe a feedback loop's role in maintaining homeostasis.

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