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How can you prevent eye drops from being absorbed into the bloodstream and causing unwanted systemic effects?
- A. Press your gloved fingertips gently against the lacrimal ducts for a few seconds.
- B. Ensure that the medication is for otic use only.
- C. Instruct the patient to sit or lie very still for 5 to 10 minutes after administration.
- D. Press your gloved fingers at the outer canthus of each eye for 30 seconds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressing the lacrimal ducts prevents medication from entering the nasolacrimal duct and being absorbed systemically.
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You are preparing to administer a liquid suspension. What must you do first?
- A. Shake the bottle well to mix the medication with the liquid.
- B. Measure the medication and have it checked by another licensed person.
- C. Rotate the bottle carefully between the palms to mix it.
- D. Clean the lid of the bottle with an alcohol swab before opening it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liquid suspensions settle over time, so shaking the bottle well ensures the medication is evenly distributed before measuring.
Which are included in the oral route of administration?
- A. Swallowing
- B. Sublingual
- C. Inhaling
- D. Buccal
- E. Nasal
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The oral route of administration includes methods where medications are taken by mouth, such as swallowing (A), placing under the tongue (sublingual, B), and placing against the cheek (buccal, D). Inhaling (C) and nasal (E) are not oral routes.
Rectal suppositories are contraindicated in patients with
- A. High potassium levels.
- B. Swollen, inflamed hemorrhoids.
- C. Constipation.
- D. A recent heart attack.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Swollen, inflamed hemorrhoids contraindicate rectal suppositories due to pain and potential bleeding. Other conditions are not contraindications.
Which medication would be administered via the nasal route?
- A. Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
- B. Nicotine (Nicotrol)
- C. Timolol (Timoptic)
- D. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
- E. Steroids (Rhinocort)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Nicotine (Nicotrol), calcitonin (Miacalcin), and steroids (Rhinocort) are nasal medications. Guaifenesin is oral, and timolol is ophthalmic.
Which of the following will you include when teaching the mother of a 2-year-old how to administer ear drops?
- A. Pull the pinna up and back to straighten the ear canal.
- B. Pull the pinna down and back to straighten the ear canal.
- C. Aim the dropper so the drop rolls down the wall of the canal.
- D. Avoid touching the dropper to the ear to prevent pathogens from entering the bottle of medication.
- E. Have the child remain in position with the affected ear up for at least 10 minutes.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: For children under 3, pull the pinna down and back (B). Drops should roll down the canal wall (C), and avoid touching the dropper to prevent contamination (D). Remaining in position for 10 minutes (E) is excessive.