Nokea
How do integrative models of human health see health factors?
- A. derived solely from physical phenomena
- B. intertwined and interactive, with multiple components such as physical, psychological, and social
- C. generally being attributable to psychosocial problems in individuals
- D. effective only when combined and integrated with alternative therapies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Integrative models of human health consider health factors as intertwined and interactive, involving various components like physical, psychological, and social aspects. This holistic approach recognizes that health is influenced by a combination of factors, not just physical phenomena (choice A). While psychosocial problems can impact health, integrative models go beyond attributing health solely to psychosocial issues (choice C). Additionally, integrative models do not imply that health is effective only when combined with alternative therapies (choice D), but rather emphasize the interconnectedness of various health components.
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While caring for a client with infective endocarditis, the nurse must be alert for signs of pulmonary embolism. Which of the following assessment findings suggests this complication?
- A. Positive Homan's sign
- B. Fever and chills
- C. Dyspnea and cough
- D. Sensory impairment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Dyspnea and cough.' Pulmonary embolism often presents with a sudden onset of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and cough, which are due to the obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Positive Homan's sign is associated with deep vein thrombosis, fever and chills are nonspecific symptoms commonly seen in infective endocarditis, and sensory impairment is not typically indicative of pulmonary embolism.
What is the FIRST STEP for thermal protection of a newborn?
- A. Drying the baby thoroughly immediately after birth
- B. Covering the baby with a clean, dry cloth after the cord has been cut
- C. Drying the baby thoroughly after the cord has been cut
- D. Covering the baby with a clean, dry cloth immediately after birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first step for thermal protection of a newborn is to dry the baby thoroughly immediately after birth. This helps prevent heat loss and is crucial in maintaining the baby's body temperature. Choice B, covering the baby with a clean, dry cloth after the cord has been cut, is not the initial step as drying the baby comes first. Choice C, drying the baby thoroughly after the cord has been cut, is also not the first step. Choice D, covering the baby with a clean, dry cloth immediately after birth, is not as effective as drying the baby to prevent heat loss.
As of 2002, the following data was obtained from municipality X: No. of live births - 750, No. of infant deaths - 10, No. of maternal deaths - 6, Total population - 25,000. The 2002 maternal mortality rate of municipality X is:
- A. 15/1000 live births
- B. 12.5/1000 live births
- C. 6/1000 live births
- D. 8/1000 live births
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The maternal mortality rate is calculated as 6 maternal deaths per 1000 live births. The correct answer is C because to calculate the maternal mortality rate, you divide the number of maternal deaths by the number of live births and then multiply by 1000. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not match the given data on maternal deaths and live births for municipality X.
When providing nursing care to a client receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula, which of the following interventions would be appropriate?
- A. Ensure that adequate mist is supplied
- B. Inspect the nares and ears for skin breakdown
- C. Lubricate the tips of the cannula before insertion
- D. Maintain sterile technique when handling the cannula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to inspect the nares and ears for skin breakdown. This is important because the nasal cannula can cause skin breakdown due to prolonged use and friction. Ensuring that the skin is intact helps prevent complications. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula does not involve mist. Choice C is incorrect as lubricating the tips of the cannula is not a standard practice and may lead to complications. Choice D is incorrect because while cleanliness is important, maintaining sterile technique is not necessary for handling a nasal cannula in this context.
As community health nurses engage in the process of community empowerment, it is essential that they:
- A. gather data from the community
- B. form partnerships with people in the community
- C. make decisions for the people in the community
- D. accept responsibility for people's actions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the process of community empowerment, community health nurses should form partnerships with the community rather than making decisions for them, gathering data alone, or accepting responsibility for their actions. Forming partnerships ensures that the community is actively involved in decision-making processes, leading to sustainable and effective outcomes. Gathering data is important but not the central aspect of empowerment, while accepting responsibility for people's actions is not a core principle of empowerment but rather promoting accountability within the community.