Nokea
How do socioeconomic factors affect mental health?
- A. Socioeconomic factors do not affect mental health.
- B. Socioeconomic factors are one of the primary determinants of mental health.
- C. Socioeconomic factors only affect mental health in extreme cases.
- D. Socioeconomic factors have no clear impact on mental health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Socioeconomic factors like income and education levels are key determinants of mental health. They influence access to resources such as healthcare, housing, and social support systems, which can impact an individual's mental well-being. Additionally, socioeconomic factors can contribute to stress levels and overall quality of life, which in turn affect mental health. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic factors do play a significant role in mental health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors have a broad impact on mental health beyond extreme cases. Choice D is also incorrect as numerous studies have shown the clear impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health.
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Which term describes the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder?
- A. Necessary causes
- B. Contributory causes
- C. Sufficient causes
- D. Protective factors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sufficient causes.' Sufficient causes are conditions that alone are enough to guarantee the occurrence of a disorder. Necessary causes refer to factors that must be present for the disorder to occur but are not enough on their own. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not enough to cause it by themselves. Protective factors are conditions that reduce the likelihood of a disorder occurring.
Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that ________.
- A. These different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures.
- B. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be primarily genetic.
- C. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be independent of culture.
- D. All cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behavior problem.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures. This is because cultural norms and expectations influence how parental tolerance and responses to behavior are shaped. Choice B is incorrect because parental styles do play a role in behavior problems, influenced by cultural factors. Choice C is incorrect as parental styles can vary across cultures and impact behavior problems differently. Choice D is incorrect because cultural attitudes towards seeking treatment for behavior problems can vary significantly.
Genes ________
- A. determine how a person will behave.
- B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
- C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
- D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not solely determine behavior, as behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because while genes can contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders, they do not directly cause them. Choice C is incorrect as genes contribute to but do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have.
What is the diathesis-stress model of psychopathology?
- A. The idea that stress is the primary cause of psychopathology.
- B. A model that focuses solely on genetic predispositions.
- C. A theory that involves only environmental factors in the development of disorders.
- D. A person must have both a vulnerability for a disorder and exposure to stressors to develop the disorder.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model of psychopathology posits that individuals must have a vulnerability or predisposition to a disorder (diathesis) and be exposed to stressful environmental factors for the disorder to manifest. This model emphasizes the interaction between genetic or biological vulnerabilities (diathesis) and environmental stressors. Choice A is incorrect because the model does not suggest that stress is the sole cause of psychopathology. Choice B is incorrect as the model considers both genetic predispositions and environmental stressors. Choice C is incorrect because the diathesis-stress model acknowledges the role of both genetic and environmental factors in the development of disorders.
What role does genetic predisposition play in the development of mental disorders?
- A. Genetic predisposition guarantees the development of mental disorders.
- B. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role but is not the only factor in developing mental disorders.
- C. Genetic predisposition is irrelevant in mental health.
- D. Genetic predisposition can be completely overridden by environmental factors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of mental disorders, interacting with environmental factors. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain mental disorders, it is not a guarantee that the disorders will develop. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle, upbringing, and traumatic experiences, also play a crucial role in the manifestation of mental health conditions. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predisposition does have relevance in mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predisposition and environmental factors both contribute to the development of mental disorders, neither completely overriding the other.