Nokea
How does a nurse recognize when a patient has a testicular torsion?
- A. The nurse sees a light red glow on transillumination of the scrotum.
- B. The nurse palpates testicular edema that is painless.
- C. The patient reports a pulling sensation and dull ache of the scrotum.
- D. The patient complains of sudden onset of severe pain with edema of the scrotum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because testicular torsion presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the scrotum. This is due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to compromised blood flow to the testicle. The severe pain is a key indicator of this emergency condition, as it indicates ischemia and necrosis of the testicle if not promptly treated.
Choice A is incorrect because a light red glow on transillumination is not a typical finding in testicular torsion. Choice B is incorrect because testicular edema in torsion is usually associated with pain. Choice C is incorrect because a pulling sensation and dull ache are more commonly seen in conditions like epididymitis rather than testicular torsion.
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The presence of more oxytocin oxygen to, and remove waste from, receptors in the uterus leads to weak, irregular contractions known as the embryonic blood by the ________ ________. week of pregnancy.
- A. dystocia
- B. first
- C. Braxton Hicks
- D. second
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Braxton Hicks contractions. These contractions are weak, irregular contractions that occur in the uterus during pregnancy. They are often referred to as "practice contractions" as the body prepares for labor. The presence of more oxygen and removal of waste from the uterus can trigger Braxton Hicks contractions.
Choice A, dystocia, refers to difficult or prolonged labor, not weak contractions. Choice B, first week, is not relevant to the question as Braxton Hicks contractions typically occur later in pregnancy. Choice D, second week, is also not correct as Braxton Hicks contractions occur later in pregnancy, typically in the third trimester.
After birth, the pressure in the pulmonary artery decreases greatly. What is the cause of this?
- A. Systemic arterial pressure increases
- B. Ductus arteriosus closes
- C. Left ventricular pressure increases
- D. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. After birth, the lungs expand and start functioning, leading to increased oxygen levels, which causes the pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease. This allows blood flow to the lungs and decreases pressure in the pulmonary artery.
A: Systemic arterial pressure increasing does not directly affect the pressure in the pulmonary artery.
B: Ductus arteriosus closing is part of the normal postnatal changes but does not directly cause the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure.
C: Left ventricular pressure increasing is a consequence of the closure of the ductus arteriosus but does not explain the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure.
FSH causes several immature EGGS, along with their surrounding FOLLICLE cells, in the ovaries to begin to develop. The developing follicle cells release increasing amounts of ________________.
- A. hormone
- B. estrogen
- C. progesterone
- D. Implantation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. FSH stimulates development of follicles in ovaries.
2. Follicle cells release estrogen.
3. Estrogen levels increase as follicles develop.
4. Estrogen plays key role in menstrual cycle regulation.
Therefore, the correct answer is B (estrogen). Other choices are incorrect: A (hormones are broad, not specific), C (progesterone is released after ovulation), D (implantation occurs in the uterus, not ovaries).
Which of the following is a steroid?
- A. FSH
- B. LH
- C. estrogen
- D. GnRH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: estrogen. Estrogen is a type of steroid hormone derived from cholesterol. Steroids are a specific group of lipids characterized by a particular molecular structure. Estrogen plays a vital role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system.
Choice A, FSH, and choice B, LH, are both peptide hormones, not steroids. Peptide hormones are made up of amino acids and are not derived from cholesterol.
Choice D, GnRH, is also a peptide hormone that regulates the release of other hormones in the body, particularly in the reproductive system.
In summary, estrogen is the only steroid hormone among the options provided, making it the correct choice.
A 22-yr-old patient reports her concern about not having a menstrual period for the past 7 months. Which statement by the patient indicates a possible related factor to the amenorrhea?
- A. “I drink at least 3 glasses of nonfat milk every day.”
- B. “I run 7 to 8 miles every day to manage my weight.”
- C. “I am not sexually active but currently I have an IUD
- D. “I was treated for a sexually transmitted infection 2 years ago.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Running 7 to 8 miles daily can lead to amenorrhea due to excessive exercise-induced stress on the body, affecting hormone levels and menstrual cycle. This is known as exercise-induced amenorrhea. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with amenorrhea. Choice A indicates a healthy calcium intake. Choice C suggests the presence of an IUD, which is not typically associated with amenorrhea. Choice D indicates a history of STI, which may not directly cause amenorrhea.