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How does emotional regulation relate to mental development?
- A. Unrelated
- B. Enhances cognitive control
- C. Delays learning
- D. Increases aggression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emotional regulation enhances cognitive control (B), supporting focus and problem-solving, integral to mental development. It's not unrelated (A), doesn't delay learning (C), or inherently increase aggression (D).
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Select the best comment for a nurse to begin an interview with an elderly patient.
- A. I am a nurse. Are you familiar with what nurses do?'
- B. Hello. I am going to ask you some questions to get to know you better.'
- C. You look comfortable and ready to participate in an admission interview. Shall we get started?'
- D. Hello. My name is and I am a nurse. How you would like to be addressed by staff?'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct opening identifies the nurses role and politely seeks direction for addressing the patient in a way that will make him or her comfortable. This is particularly important when a considerable age difference exists between the nurse and the patient. The nurse should address patients by name and not assume patients want to be called by a first name. The nurse should always introduce self.
A depressed patient is receiving imipramine (Tofranil) 300 mg daily. Which side effect requires seeking medical attention?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Nasal congestion
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urinary retention. Imipramine is known to cause anticholinergic side effects, such as urinary retention. This side effect is serious and requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications like bladder distention or urinary tract infections. Dry mouth and blurred vision are common but less urgent side effects of imipramine, while nasal congestion is not typically associated with this medication. Thus, urinary retention stands out as the side effect requiring immediate medical attention among the choices provided.
A patient with schizophrenia begins to talk about creatures called 'volmers' hiding in the warehouse where he works and undoing his work each night. The term 'volmers' most likely represents:
- A. a neologism.
- B. clanging.
- C. anhedonia.
- D. alogia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a neologism. In schizophrenia, patients often create new words (neologisms) that have no meaning outside of their delusional context. The term 'volmers' is a made-up word by the patient, indicating a loss of touch with reality. Clanging (B) is a speech pattern characterized by rhyming or punning words, not creating new words. Anhedonia (C) refers to the inability to experience pleasure, unrelated to creating new words. Alogia (D) is a decrease in speech or thought productivity, not related to inventing new words. In this case, the patient's use of 'volmers' is indicative of a neologism associated with schizophrenia.
An 85-year-old has difficulty walking after a knee replacement. The patient tells the nurse, 'It's awful to be old. Every day is a struggle. No one cares about old people.' Select the nurse's best response.
- A. Everyone here cares about old people. That's why we work here.
- B. It sounds like you're having a difficult time. Tell me about it.
- C. Let's not focus on the negative. Tell me something good.
- D. You are still able to get around, and your mind is alert.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it shows empathy and encourages the patient to express their feelings. By saying "Tell me about it," the nurse acknowledges the patient's struggle and opens up the opportunity for the patient to share more about their feelings and concerns. This can help build a therapeutic relationship and provide emotional support.
Choice A is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's feelings by making a general statement about everyone caring without addressing the patient's specific concerns.
Choice C is incorrect because it invalidates the patient's emotions by suggesting to focus on positivity without addressing the patient's current distress.
Choice D is incorrect because it minimizes the patient's struggle by only focusing on physical abilities and cognitive function without addressing the emotional aspect of the patient's statement.
A patient with bipolar disorder has rapid cycles. To prepare teaching materials, the nurse anticipates which medication will be prescribed?
- A. Clonidine (Catapres)
- B. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- C. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- D. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is commonly used in treating rapid cycling bipolar disorder due to its mood stabilizing properties. It helps regulate mood swings and prevent manic or depressive episodes. It is effective in managing rapid cycling symptoms. Clonidine (A) is used for ADHD and hypertension, not bipolar disorder. Phenytoin (B) is an anticonvulsant, not typically used for bipolar disorder. Chlorpromazine (D) is an antipsychotic mainly for schizophrenia, not specifically indicated for rapid cycling in bipolar disorder.