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How does emotional regulation relate to mental development?
- A. Unrelated
- B. Enhances cognitive control
- C. Delays learning
- D. Increases aggression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emotional regulation enhances cognitive control (B), supporting focus and problem-solving, integral to mental development. It's not unrelated (A), doesn't delay learning (C), or inherently increase aggression (D).
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A student nurse visiting a senior center says, 'It's depressing to see these old people. They are weak and frail. I doubt any of them can engage in a discussion.' The student is expressing
- A. reality
- B. ageism
- C. empathy
- D. vulnerability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ageism. The student nurse's statement demonstrates prejudice and discrimination based on age. Ageism is the negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against individuals or groups based on their age. In this case, the student is making assumptions about the abilities and worth of older individuals solely based on their age. The statement does not reflect reality, as not all older people are weak or unable to engage in meaningful discussions. The other choices are incorrect as the statement is not reflective of reality (A), empathy (C), or vulnerability (D).
Which statement best describes postpartum blues?
- A. A rare condition that impacts bonding between mother and baby.
- B. A transient, self-limiting period of sadness after the birth of the baby.
- C. A psychiatric diagnosis similar to dysthymia.
- D. A transient period of sadness that usually moves into postpartum depression.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This definition of postpartum blues (B) differentiates it from dysthymia and postpartum depression. It occurs in 70 percent of new mothers, making it common, transient, and self-limiting.
An 85-year-old has difficulty walking after a knee replacement. The patient tells the nurse, 'It's awful to be old. Every day is a struggle. No one cares about old people.' Select the nurse's best response.
- A. Everyone here cares about old people. That's why we work here.
- B. It sounds like you're having a difficult time. Tell me about it.
- C. Let's not focus on the negative. Tell me something good.
- D. You are still able to get around, and your mind is alert.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it shows empathy and encourages the patient to express their feelings. By saying "Tell me about it," the nurse acknowledges the patient's struggle and opens up the opportunity for the patient to share more about their feelings and concerns. This can help build a therapeutic relationship and provide emotional support.
Choice A is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's feelings by making a general statement about everyone caring without addressing the patient's specific concerns.
Choice C is incorrect because it invalidates the patient's emotions by suggesting to focus on positivity without addressing the patient's current distress.
Choice D is incorrect because it minimizes the patient's struggle by only focusing on physical abilities and cognitive function without addressing the emotional aspect of the patient's statement.
The home care nurse assessed a client with a history of dementia who had a herniorrhaphy at an ambulatory surgical center the previous day. The client lives in a senior living facility. The client thinks he is in the army and that it is 1945. The nurse should:
- A. Reorient the client to the current time and place.
- B. Notify the client's family of the confusion.
- C. Document the client's confusion and disorientation.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reorient the client to the current time and place. The nurse should reorient the client to prevent distress and promote safety. This approach helps the client feel more secure and may reduce confusion. Choice B is incorrect because the nurse should address the client's needs first. Choice C is not enough on its own as the nurse needs to actively assist the client. Choice D is incorrect as action is needed in this situation to support the client.
A client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease has a catastrophic reaction during an activity involving simultaneous playing of music and working on a craft project. The client starts shouting 'no, no, no' and rushes out of the room. The nurse should:
- A. Isolate the client until she is calm, and then direct her back to the activity
- B. Follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity
- C. Discontinue the activity program since it upsets the clients
- D. Give the client pm antianxiety medication and restrict her activity participation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse should follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity. This approach acknowledges the client's feelings and provides support to help her calm down. Isolating the client (Choice A) may escalate the situation and not address the underlying cause of the reaction. Discontinuing the activity program (Choice C) is not the best option as it may limit the client's engagement and therapeutic benefits. Giving medication and restricting activity (Choice D) should be a last resort and not the initial response to a behavioral reaction. In summary, Choice B focuses on comforting and redirecting the client, promoting a positive and supportive environment.