Nokea
How does soap's property as an emulsifier make it useful for washing dirt off one's hands with water?
- A. Soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water.
- B. Soap's rough texture physically scours grime off surfaces.
- C. Soap's enzymatic action helps to dissolve grime into smaller particles.
- D. Soap's acidity causes grime to precipitate into the water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Soap acts as an emulsifier due to its dual polar and nonpolar nature. This unique feature allows soap molecules to interact with both oil and water, facilitating their bonding. When washing hands with soap and water, the soap molecules attract oil and dirt on the skin because of their dual nature. Consequently, the dirt and oil become suspended in the water, making it easier to wash them away. Therefore, soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature enables it to effectively remove dirt and oil from the skin when combined with water.
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Which of the following allows the skull to rotate on the neck?
- A. Vertebral foramen
- B. Spinous process
- C. Atlas
- D. Sacrum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The atlas is the first cervical vertebra that supports the skull and allows it to rotate on the neck. The vertebral foramen is an opening in the vertebra for the spinal cord, and the spinous process is a bony projection, not involved in rotation.
Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
- A. Menstruation
- B. Ovulation
- C. Fertilization
- D. Oogenesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ovulation is the correct answer as it is the process where an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg. Menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining, fertilization is the union of sperm and egg, and oogenesis is the formation of female gametes. Ovulation is a crucial step in the reproductive cycle as it allows for the release of a mature egg from the ovary, which can then potentially be fertilized during its journey through the fallopian tube. Understanding these definitions is essential for comprehending the sequence of events in the female reproductive system.
Which of the following are the major parts of the nervous system?
- A. PNS and Somatic Nervous System
- B. Autonomic Nervous System and CNS
- C. PNS and CNS
- D. Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system comprises two major parts: the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Choice C (PNS and CNS) correctly identifies the primary divisions of the nervous system, encompassing both the peripheral and central components. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
What is the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
- A. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
- B. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the protease that digests carbonates.
- C. Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.
- D. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the protease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas functions by neutralizing the acidity of chyme in the small intestine. This action helps to create a more alkaline environment, which is crucial for the activity of pancreatic enzymes and the absorption of nutrients. Option B is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate itself does not stimulate a protease to digest carbonates. Option C is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate does not inhibit peristalsis; instead, it aids in digestion. Option D is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate does not directly stimulate the protease but rather helps in maintaining the optimal pH for enzyme activity.
A researcher wants to gather data on the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest. The researcher only has one small net, so all large birds were excluded from the study. The researcher's results were different than expected, but he believes his data includes enough birds to estimate the strength of all birds.
Why should data be rejected in this scenario?
- A. Data contradicts the control group.
- B. Data were different from expectations.
- C. Data cannot be displayed graphically.
- D. Data are based on flawed methodology.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when data are based on flawed methodology, it means that the way the data were collected, analyzed, or interpreted was not done correctly. This can lead to unreliable results that do not accurately represent the population being studied. In this case, if the researcher's methodology was flawed, it would be a valid reason to reject the data as it would not provide a valid estimate of the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest.