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How long should a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children who recover from rheumatic fever should have a chemoprophylaxis protocol of penicillin G injections (about 200,000 units per dose) for a minimum of 5 years or up to the age of 18 to prevent further bouts of rheumatic fever.
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All of the following are part of acute aortic syndrome, except
- A. Aortic dissection
- B. Acute aortic regurgitation
- C. Intramural hematoma
- D. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute aortic regurgitation is not typically considered part of acute aortic syndrome.
The severity of symptoms of Ebstein anomaly and the degree of cyanosis are high and depend on the extent of
- A. displacement of the tricuspid valve
- B. cardiac dysrhythmias
- C. atrial right-to-left shunt
- D. pulmonary vascular resistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Displacement of the tricuspid valve is a key determinant of symptom severity in Ebstein anomaly.
In Asia, the following hepatitis virus appears to be a significant cause of viral myocarditis
- A. hepatitis E virus
- B. hepatitis B virus
- C. hepatitis C virus
- D. hepatitis D virus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis E virus has been identified as a significant cause of viral myocarditis in Asia.
Treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) in an infant began 3 days ago and has included digoxin and furosemide. The child no longer has retractions, lungs are clear, and HR is 96 beats per minute while sleeping. The nurse is confident that the child has diuresed successfully and has good renal perfusion when the nurse notes the child's urine output is:
- A. 0.5 cc/kg/hr
- B. 1 cc/kg/hr
- C. 30 cc/hr
- D. 1 oz/hr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normal pediatric urine output is approximately 1 cc/kg/hr.
The following are common side effects of sildenafil EXCEPT
- A. flushing
- B. elevated liver function tests
- C. headache
- D. myalgia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated liver function tests are not a common side effect of sildenafil.