Nokea
How many arteries are there in an umbilical cord?
- A. Three
- B. One
- C. Two
- D. Four
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are two arteries in an umbilical cord. The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. Artery carries blood away from the fetus, while the vein returns blood to the fetus. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of arteries in an umbilical cord.
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Mrs. Banda is a patient at the ward with complaints of light menstrual periods, which occur at intervals greater than 35 days. Your diagnosis will be:
- A. Oligomenorrhea
- B. Menorrhagia
- C. Metrorrhagia
- D. Polymenorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct diagnosis for Mrs. Banda's condition is Oligomenorrhea. Oligomenorrhea is characterized by light menstrual periods occurring at intervals longer than 35 days. Choice B, Menorrhagia, refers to abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding. Choice C, Metrorrhagia, is bleeding at irregular intervals, and Choice D, Polymenorrhea, involves menstrual cycles occurring at intervals shorter than 21 days.
Practices such as female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are categorized as:
- A. Harmful traditional practices
- B. Encouraged in rural Zambia
- C. Recommended in modern surgery and IRH
- D. Safer sex practices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Practices like female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are considered harmful traditional practices due to the physical and psychological harm they cause. Choice A is correct as these practices are not safe or recommended. Choice B is incorrect, as harmful traditional practices are not encouraged anywhere. Choice C is incorrect as modern surgery and organizations like IRH aim to eliminate such practices, not recommend them. Choice D is incorrect as these practices are not related to safer sex practices but rather harmful practices that need to be eradicated.
Which family planning method was alternatively provided by the family life movement?
- A. Use of condom
- B. Use of spermicides
- C. Use of natural family planning
- D. Use of hormonal pills
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The family life movement promoted natural family planning as an alternative method. Natural family planning involves tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine the fertile period, making it distinct from the other options provided. Condoms (Choice A) and spermicides (Choice B) are barrier methods, while hormonal pills (Choice D) involve the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is the use of natural family planning.
Which department of the Government ministries was given the mandate to pilot a draft population policy?
- A. The department of planning and development
- B. National census
- C. Human rights
- D. Central statistics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The department of planning and development. In the extract provided, it explicitly mentions that this department was tasked with piloting the population policy. The other choices are incorrect because the National census is primarily responsible for collecting demographic data, Human rights focus on ensuring and protecting human rights, and Central statistics deal with statistical data collection and analysis, none of which directly align with piloting a population policy.
What is the role of relaxin hormone?
- A. Relaxation of the symphysis pubis.
- B. Stimulation of milk production.
- C. Stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relaxation of the symphysis pubis. Relaxin hormone is responsible for loosening the ligaments in the pelvic area, particularly the symphysis pubis, to prepare for childbirth. Choice B, stimulation of milk production, is incorrect as this is primarily regulated by prolactin. Choice C, stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast, is incorrect as this is mainly influenced by estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct role of relaxin hormone is the relaxation of the symphysis pubis.