Nokea
How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in meiosis?
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 25
- D. 50
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During meiosis, sperm and egg cells produce half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Each contributes 23 chromosomes, which combine to form a zygote with a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B (46) is incorrect because this is the number of chromosomes produced in mitosis, not meiosis. Choices C (25) and D (50) are also incorrect as they do not align with the chromosome count in sex cells during meiosis.
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What type of cells are involved in meiosis (sex cells)?
- A. Somatic Cells
- B. Gametes
- C. Zygote
- D. Diploid Cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Gametes. Gametes are the specialized sex cells involved in meiosis, such as sperm and eggs. Somatic cells (A) are non-reproductive cells found in the body, not involved in meiosis. Zygote (C) is the result of fertilization, formed when gametes unite. Diploid cells (D) have two sets of chromosomes, but in meiosis, gametes are produced through a process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to haploid.
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Peroxisomes
- D. Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell by breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide. This process helps protect the cell from damage caused by toxic substances. Choice A, Endoplasmic Reticulum, is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not detoxification. Choice B, Lysosomes, contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not primarily detoxification. Choice D, Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not detoxification.
How many phases are there in the process of mitosis?
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: '4'. Mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These phases are crucial in the orderly division of the cell's genetic material. Choice A is incorrect because mitosis is a more complex process involving multiple phases. Choice B is incorrect as it is one phase short of the total phases in mitosis. Choice D is incorrect as mitosis does not consist of five phases.
What organelle pushes water out of the cell?
- A. Lysosomes
- B. Vacuoles (contractile)
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vacuoles (contractile). Vacuoles (contractile) are responsible for expelling excess water out of the cell. Lysosomes are involved in the digestion and removal of waste materials, mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell involved in energy production, and the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material but does not play a role in pushing water out of the cell.
What is the magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope?
- A. 4x
- B. 10x
- C. 40x
- D. 100x
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope is typically 10x, which is considered standard for most microscopes. Ocular lenses are designed to magnify the image produced by the objective lens further. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the standard magnification of an ocular lens. A magnification of 4x, 40x, or 100x would not be typical for an ocular lens in a microscope.