How many nephrons are found in each kidney?

Match each term with the correct description: waste liquid containing water, salts, and wastes

Rationale: Urine is the waste liquid containing water, salts, and metabolic wastes.

A carbohydrate splitting enzyme is secreted by -

Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete enzymes like maltase that split carbohydrates.

Peptide hormones are made of protein and are water soluble. They can therefore:

A. Pass straight through the lipid bilayer and react with other molecules inside the cell
B. React to a specific binding site on the outside of the membrane and create a secondary response
C. Pass through a protein channel to the inside of the cell and then react with other molecules inside the cell
D. Don't react with anything on the membrane or in the cell but cause their effect by other processes

Rationale: Peptide hormones bind to membrane receptors, triggering secondary messengers inside the cell.

Which structure helps to prevent a bolus of food from entering the trachea during deglutition (swallowing)?

Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

The loop of Henle pumps sodium ions from the ascending arm to the descending. What is this called?

Rationale: The countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle concentrates urine by moving sodium ions.

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