Nokea
How many pairs of salivary glands produce saliva, which contains amylase to start digestion of dietary starch?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Humans have three pairs of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) that produce saliva containing amylase; not five as originally asserted.
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In pancreas, pancreatic juice and hormone are secreted by-
- A. Same cells
- B. Different Cells
- C. Same cells at different times
- D. None of these.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pancreatic juice (exocrine) is secreted by acinar cells, while hormones (endocrine) are secreted by Islets of Langerhans.
Carboxypeptidase requires _______ for its activity
- A. Copper
- B. Niacin
- C. Iron
- D. Zn
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carboxypeptidase is a zinc-dependent enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Which motor activity is primarily responsible for mixing and churning food in the small intestine to enhance digestion and absorption?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Migrating motor complex
- D. Gastric emptying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive enzymes and increases mucosal contact for absorption in the small intestine.
A dysfunction of the parietal cells of gastric glands would result in a decreased production of which two of the following?
- A. mucus
- B. pepsinogen
- C. hydrochloric acid
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
The diagram shows a section through a villus. Y X What is a function of structure X and of structure Y?
- A. X: to absorb amino acids, Y: to digest starch
- B. X: to carry blood, Y: to secrete mucus
- C. X: to transport fats, Y: to secrete enzymes
- D. X: to transport glucose, Y: to help peristalsis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Structure X (epithelial cells) absorbs amino acids, while structure Y (goblet cells) secretes mucus.