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How many ways to define 'autism':
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autism can be defined in 4 main ways: DSM-5, behavioral, developmental, and spectrum-based.
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The psychological test that measures perception is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. TAT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rorschach assesses perception through inkblot interpretations.
A nurse is called to the home of a neighbor and finds an unconscious person still holding a medication bottle labeled pentobarbital sodium. What is the nurse’s first action?
- A. Test reflexes
- B. Check pupils
- C. Initiate vomiting
- D. Establish a patent airway
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Establish a patent airway. The first action in any emergency situation involving an unconscious person is to ensure their airway is open and clear to facilitate breathing. This is crucial for maintaining oxygenation and preventing potential complications like hypoxia. Testing reflexes (A) and checking pupils (B) are important assessments but not the immediate priority in this situation. Initiating vomiting (C) is contraindicated as it can lead to further complications, especially if the person has ingested a potentially harmful substance.
Nurse Jones decides to respect family wishes and not tell the client of his terminal status because that would bring the most happiness to the most people. Which of the following ethical theories is considered in this decision?
- A. Utilitarianism
- B. Kantianism
- C. Christian ethics
- D. Ethical egoism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurse Jones prioritizes the outcome that brings the most happiness to the most people, which is the core principle of utilitarianism, aligning with option a.
The nurse notifies the treatment team that the client's electroconvulsive therapy treatment scheduled for 9:45 a.m. is to be cancelled when the:
- A. Client's wife calls and reports she will be unable to get to the hospital before the treatment.
- B. Medication nurse gives him his regularly scheduled antihypertensive medication at 7 a.m.
- C. Night shift staff reports that the client slept fitfully and reports having 'bad dreams.'
- D. Client eats his usual breakfast of buttered toast, cooked cereal, tea, and juice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because food intake before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can increase the risk of aspiration during the procedure, which can be life-threatening. Buttered toast, cooked cereal, tea, and juice are considered solid food items that should be avoided before ECT to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and C are not immediate contraindications for canceling the ECT session. A: The client's wife being late does not impact the safety of the procedure. B: Taking antihypertensive medication does not pose a direct risk before ECT. C: Fitful sleep and bad dreams do not indicate a need for cancellation unless related to a medical emergency.
he psychoanalytical perspective was profounded by
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious drives and early experiences.