Nokea
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?
- A. 10 calories
- B. 100 calories
- C. 1 kilocalorie
- D. 10 kilocalories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram °C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1°C.
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What is the main purpose of the initial assessment of a child with a suspected fracture?
- A. To determine the type of fracture
- B. To check for potential complications
- C. To identify the cause of the injury
- D. To plan for long-term rehabilitation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main purpose of the initial assessment of a child with a suspected fracture is to check for potential complications, such as neurovascular impairment, and to ensure appropriate treatment. Choice A is incorrect because determining the type of fracture usually requires imaging studies like X-rays, which may not be part of the initial assessment. Choice C is incorrect because identifying the cause of the injury is important for the history-taking part but may not be the main purpose of the initial assessment. Choice D is incorrect because long-term rehabilitation planning typically occurs after the acute phase of fracture management.
What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Decreased urination
- B. Dry mouth and lips
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Normal skin turgor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.
How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
- C. Promote a high-fat diet
- D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.
How should a caregiver handle a child with a known peanut allergy?
- A. Educate on allergen avoidance
- B. Increase exposure to peanuts
- C. Administer antihistamines as needed
- D. Suggest occasional consumption of peanuts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Educating on allergen avoidance is the correct approach when dealing with a child who has a known peanut allergy. This helps in managing the allergy effectively and preventing potential allergic reactions. Increasing exposure to peanuts (Choice B) is dangerous and can trigger severe allergic reactions in a child with a peanut allergy. While antihistamines (Choice C) can help alleviate some symptoms, they should not be the primary method of managing a peanut allergy. Suggesting occasional consumption of peanuts (Choice D) is extremely risky and should never be done for a child with a known peanut allergy.
Approximately how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?
- A. 50
- B. 85
- C. 120
- D. 170
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A half-cup of milk is equivalent to approximately 120 milliliters. This conversion is standard and commonly used in cooking and baking. Choice A (50 milliliters) is too low for a half-cup measurement. Choice B (85 milliliters) is also lower than the standard half-cup measurement of 120 milliliters. Choice D (170 milliliters) is too high for a half-cup, making it an incorrect option.